Pioneers of Psychology

Modern psychology draws on more than three centuries of research and speculation. In a new edition, this text traces the evolution of this influential science through the personal triumphs and disappointments of an array of individuals from Descartes, Gall, and Kant to James, Piaget and Skinner. Some pioneers of psychology, like Wundt and Helmholz, were painstaking experimenters; others found themselves at the start of major movements, such as Ivan Pavlov, whose studies of the psychology of digestion led to the founding of modern behaviourism, and Sigmund Freud, who set out to develop a neurological model of the mind and launched an entire intellectual revolution. This edition contains a new chapter on artificial intelligence. Beginning with Pascal's "Pascaline", and continuing through the works of Leibniz, Babbage, Turing, Newell, Shaw and Simon, this chapter presents the historical foundations of important and controversial issues in modern cognitive psychology. The general historical survey concludes with an underlying theme exploring the possibilities and limitations of a mechanistic explanation in psychology.

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Rene Descartes and the foundations of modern psychology; philosophers of mind - John Locke and Gottfried Leibniz; physiologists of minds - brain scientists from Gall to Penfield; the sensing and perceiving mind - Immanuel Kant, Hermann Helmholtz and Gustav Fechner; Wilhelm Wundt and the establishment of experimental psychology; Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution; the measurement of mind - Francis Galton and the psychology of individual differences; William James and psychology in America; psychology as the science of behaviour - Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner; early hypnotists and the psychology of social influence; mind in conflict - the psychoanalytic psychology of Sigmund Freud; the developing mind - Alfred Binet, Jean Piaget, and the study of human intelligence; minds and machines - artificial intelligence from the Pascalline to general problem solver.

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