Advanced FPGA Design: Architecture, Implementation and Optimization

This book provides the advanced issues of FPGA design as the underlying theme of the work. In practice, an engineer typically needs to be mentored for several years before these principles are appropriately utilized. The topics that will be discussed in this book are essential to designing FPGA's beyond moderate complexity. The goal of the book is to present practical design techniques that are otherwise only available through mentorship and real-world experience.

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"Advanced FPGA Design is an excellent and concise reference book that is suitable for engineers already familiar with the fundamentals of FPGA design. (IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, November 2008)

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Steve Kilts is a cofounder and principal engineer at Spectrum Design Solutions, an engineering consulting firm based out of Minneapolis, Minnesota (www.spectrumdsi.com). Mr. Kilts and his team at Spectrum have successfully completed projects for clients ranging from Fortune 100 companies to small start ups. His FPGA design experience is extensive and includes applications in audio, DSP, high speed computing and bus architectures, IC testers, industrial automation and control, embedded microprocessors, PCI, medical system design, commercial aviation, and ASIC prototyping. Mr. Kilts has many years of experience making performance trade offs for FPGA designs targeting high speed, area reduction, and low power. He holds a master of science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Minnesota.

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Preface.

Acknowledgments.

Chapter 1. Architecting Speed.

High Throughput.

Low Latency.

Timing.

Add Register Layers.

Parallel Structures.

Flatten Logic Structures.

Register Balancing.

Reorder Paths.

Summary of Key Points.

Chapter 2. Architecting Area.

Rolling-up the Pipeline.

Control Based Logic Reuse.

Resource Sharing.

Impact of Reset on Area.

Resources without Reset.

Resources without Set.

Resources without Asynchronous Reset.

Resetting RAM.

Utilizing Set/Reset Flip-Flop Pins.

Summary of Key Points.

Chapter 3. Architecting Power.

Clock Gating.

Clock Skew.

Managing Skew.

Gated Domains.

Input Control.

Reducing the Voltage Supply.

Dual-Edge Triggered Flip-Flops.

Modifying Terminations .

Summary of Key Points .

Chapter 4. Example Design: The Advanced Encryption Standard.

AES Architectures.

Compact Architecture.

Partially Pipelined Architecture.

Fully Pipelined Architecture.

Performance versus Area.

Other Optimizations.

Chapter 5. High Level Design.

Abstract Design Techniques.

Graphical State Machines.

DSP Design.

Software/Hardware Co-Design.

Summary of Key Points.

Chapter 6. Clock Domains.

Crossing Clock Domains.

Metastability.

Solution 1: Phase Control.

Solution 2: Double-flopping.

Solution 3: FIFO Structure.

Partitioning Synchronizer Blocks.

Gated Clocks in ASIC Prototypes.

Clocks Module.

Gating Removal.

Summary of Key Points.

Chapter 7. Example Design: I2S versus SPDIF.

I2S.

Protocol.

Hardware Architecture.

Analysis.

SPDIF.

Protocol.

Hardware Architecture.

Analysis.

Chapter 8. Implementing Math Functions.

Hardware Division.

Multiply and Shift.

Iterative Division.

The Goldschmidt Method.

Taylor and Maclaurin Series Expansion.

The CORDIC Algorithm.

Summary of Key Points.

Chapter 9. Example Design: Floating Point Unit.

Floating Point Formats.

Pipelined Architecture.

Verilog Implementation.

Resources and Performance.

Chapter 10. Reset Circuits.

Asynchronous versus Synchronous.

Problems with Fully Asynchronous Resets.

Fully Synchronized Resets.

Asynchronous Assertion, Synchronous Deassertion.

Mixing Reset Types.

Non-Resetable Flip-Flops.

Internally Generated Resets.

Multiple Clock Domains.

Summary of Key Points.

Chapter 11. Advanced Simulation.

Testbench Architecture.

Testbench Components.

Testbench Flow.

Main Thread.

Clocks and Resets.

...

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