Operating System Concepts

Keep pace with the fast-developing world of operating systems Open-source operating systems, virtual machines, and clustered computing are among the leading fields of operating systems and networking that are rapidly changing. With substantial revisions and organizational changes, Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne's Operating System Concepts, Eighth Edition remains as current and relevant as ever, helping you master the fundamental concepts of operating systems while preparing yourself for today's emerging developments. As in the past, the text brings you up to speed on core knowledge and skills, including:* What operating systems are, what they do, and how they are designed and constructed* Process, memory, and storage management* Protection and security* Distributed systems* Special-purpose systems Beyond the basics, the Eight Edition sports substantive revisions and organizational changes that clue you in to such cutting-edge developments as open-source operating systems, multi-core processors, clustered computers, virtual machines, transactional memory, NUMA, Solaris 10 memory management, Sun's ZFS file system, and more. New to this edition is the use of a simulator to dynamically demonstrate several operating system topics. Best of all, a greatly enhanced WileyPlus, a multitude of new problems and programming exercises, and other enhancements to this edition all work together to prepare you enter the world of operating systems with confidence.

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Abraham Silberschatz is the Sidney J. Weinberg Professor and Chair of Computer Science at Yale University. Prior to joining Yale, he was the Vice President of the Information Sciences Research Center at Bell Laboratories. Prior to that, he held a chaired professorship in the Department of Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. Professor Silberschatz is an ACM Fellow and an IEEE Fellow. He received the 2002 IEEE Taylor L. Booth Education Award, the 1998 ACM Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award, and the 1997 ACM SIGMOD Contribution Award. In recognition of his outstanding level of innovation and technical excellence, he was awarded the Bell Laboratories President's Award for three different Projects -- the QTM Project (1998), the DataBlitz Project (1999), and the NetInventory Project (2004). Professor Silberschatz' writings have appeared in numerous ACM and IEEE publications and other professional conferences and journals. He is a coauthor of the textbook Database System Concepts. He has also written Op-Ed articles for the New York Times, the Boston Globe, and the Hartford Courant, among others. Peter Baer Galvin is the chief technologist for Corporate Technologies (www.cptech.com), a computer facility reseller and integrator. Before that, Mr. Galvin was the systems manager for Brown University's Computer Science Department. He is also Sun columnist for;login: magazine. Mr. Galvin has written articles for Byte and other magazines, and has written columns for SunWorld and SysAdmin magazines. As a consultant and trainer, he has given talks and taught tutorials on security and system administration worldwide. Greg Gagne is chair of the Computer Science department at Westminster College in Salt Lake City where he has been teaching since 1990. In addition to teaching operating systems, he also teaches computer networks, distributed systems, and software engineering. He also provides workshops to computer science educators and industry professionals.

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PART ONE OVERVIEW Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 What Operating Systems Do 3 1.2 Computer-System Organization 6 1.3 Computer-System Architecture 12 1.4 Operating-System Structure 18 1.5 Operating-System Operations 21 1.6 Process Management 24 1.7 Memory Management 25 1.8 Storage Management 25 1.9 Protection and Security 30 1.10 Distributed Systems 31 1.11 Special-Purpose Systems 32 1.12 Computing Environments 35 1.13 Open Source Operating Systems 38 1.14 Summary 38 Exercises 39 Bibliographical Notes 43 Chapter 2 Operating-System Structures 2.1 Operating-System Services 45 2.2 User Operating-System Interface 48 2.3 System Calls 50 2.4 Types of System Calls 55 2.5 System Programs 63 2.6 Operating-System Design and Implementation 64 2.7 Operating-System Structure 67 2.8 Virtual Machines 73 2.9 Operating-System Generation 82 2.10 System Boot 83 2.11 System Debugging 84 2.12 Summary 84 Exercises 85 Bibliographical Notes 91 PART TWO PROCESS MANAGEMENT Chapter 3 Processes 3.1 Process Concept 95 3.2 Process Scheduling 99 3.3 Operations on Processes 104 3.4 Interprocess Communication 110 3.5 Examples of IPC Systems 117 3.6 Communication in Client- Server Systems 122 3.7 Summary 130 Exercises 131 Bibliographical Notes 139 xvii xviii Contents Chapter 4 Threads 4.1 Overview 149 4.2 Multithreading Models 151 4.3 Thread Libraries 153 4.4 Threading Issues 160 4.5 Operating-System Examples 165 4.6 Summary 168 Exercises 168 Bibliographical Notes 174 Chapter 5 CPU Scheduling 5.1 Basic Concepts 177 5.2 Scheduling Criteria 181 5.3 Scheduling Algorithms 182 5.4 Thread Scheduling 193 5.5 Multiple-Processor Scheduling 196 5.6 Operating System Examples 200 5.7 Algorithm Evaluation 207 5.8 Summary 212 Exercises 213 Bibliographical Notes 217 Chapter 6 Process Synchronization 6.1 Background 219 6.2 The Critical-Section Problem 221 6.3 Peterson's Solution 223 6.4 Synchronization Hardware 225 6.5 Semaphores 228 6.6 Classic Problems of Synchronization 234 6.7 Monitors 238 6.8 Synchronization Examples 246 6.9 Atomic Transactions 251 6.10 Summary 259 Exercises 260 Bibliographical Notes 272 Chapter 7 Deadlocks 7.1 System Model 275 7.2 Deadlock Characterization 277 7.3 Methods for Handling Deadlocks 282 7.4 Deadlock Prevention 283 7.5 Deadlock Avoidance 286 7.6 Deadlock Detection 292 7.7 Recovery From Deadlock 297 7.8 Summary 298 Exercises 299 Bibliographical Notes 303 PART THREE MEMORYMANAGEMENT Chapter 8 Main Memory 8.1 Background 307 8.2 Swapping 314 8.3 Contiguous Memory Allocation 316 8.4 Paging 321 8.5 Structure of the Page Table 330 8.6 Segmentation 335 8.7 Example: The Intel Pentium 338 8.8 Summary 342 Exercises 343 Bibliographical Notes 346 Contents xix Chapter 9 VirtualMemory 9.1 Background 349 9.2 Demand Paging 353 9.3 Copy-on-Write 359 9.4 Page Replacement 361 9.5 Allocation of Frames 374 9.6 Thrashing 378 9.7 Memory-Mapped Files 382 9.8 Allocating Kernel Memory 388 9.9 Other Considerations 391 9.10 Operating-System Examples 397 9.11 Summary 400 Exercises 401 Bibliographical Notes 407 PART FOUR STORAGE MANAGEMENT Chapter 10 File-System Interface 10.1 File Concept 373 10.2 Access Methods 382 10.3 Directory and Disk Structure 385 10.4 File-System Mounting 395 10.5 File Sharing 397 10.6 Protection 403 10.7 Summary 408 Exercises 408 Bibliographical Notes 410 Chapter 11 File-System Implementation 11.1 File-System Structure 413 11.2 File-System Implementation 416 11.3 Directory Implementation 422 11.4 Allocation Methods 423 11.5 Free-Space Management 431 11.6 Efficiency and Performance 434 11.7 Recovery 438 11.8 NFS 441 11.9 Example: The WAFL File System 447 11.10 Summary 449 Exercises 451 Bibliographical Notes 453 Chapter 12 Mass-Storage Structure 12.1 Overview of Mass-Storage Structure 451 12.2 Disk Structure 454 12.3 Disk Attachment 455 12.4 Disk Scheduling 456 12.5 Disk Management 462 12.6 Swap-Space Management 466 12.7 RAID Structure 468 12.8 Stable-Storage Implementation 477 12.9 Tertiary-Storage Structure 478 12.10 Summary 488 Exercises 489 Bibliograp

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