Hand Hygiene

"In their new textbook, Hand Hygiene: A Handbook for Medical Professionals, Didier Pittet, John Boyce, and Benedetta Allegranzi turn to leading experts on patient safety and infection control to produce an impressive book with 45 chapters focusing on every aspect of hand hygiene. But, as Pittet asks in the preface, Does hand hygiene deserve a textbook? It is refreshing for a textbook writer to ask this question about his own book, and the answer, as the foreword suggests, is a resounding yes. While hand hygiene is essential, compliance is complicated. Additionally, actual rates of compliance are difficult to measure as are the number of HAIs that can be prevented with high hand hygiene compliance rates. With these issues in mind, Pittet and colleagues present this new work with a noble objective, to save many more millions of lives every year worldwide. The edition includes many important, but often overlooked, areas in chapters covering topics such as hand hygiene promotion strategies, human factors, barriers to compliance, and skin reaction to hand hygiene. Of particular importance, the book includes chapters on the safety climate as well as personal accountability. Of note, a chapter on religion and cultural practices sheds light on interesting issues that are often marginalised. The book is organised logically, beginning with a review of the data on HAI......We have a real problem with hand hygiene among medical professionals, and now is the time to embrace change. This handbook takes an important step in that direction. Pittet believes that a renewed commitment by providers will drive excellence in hand hygiene practices, research, and attitudes for many years to come. The editors and authors should be commended for this laudable goal and outstanding handbook" (The Lancet Vol 17 August 17) "This well-written book, coupled with its excellent editing, is easy to read. It succeeds in appealing to a diverse population of healthcare professionals. All healthcare facility leaders in patient safety and infection prevention would be well served by this guide and reference to improving hand hygiene" Doodys, Sept 2017

Didier Pittet MD, MS, CBE, Infection Control Program and WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland John M. Boyce MD, Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, Yale-New Haven Hospital, and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Benedetta Allegranzi MD, Infection Prevention and Control Global Unit, Department of Service Delivery and Safety, World Health Organization, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Contributors xi Preface xv Foreword xvii 1. The Burden of Healthcare-Associated Infection 1 Benedetta Allegranzi, Sepideh Bagheri Nejad, and Didier Pittet 2. Historical Perspectives 8 Andrew J. Stewardson and Didier Pittet 3. Flora and Physiology of Normal Skin 12 Grkan Kaya and Didier Pittet 4. Dynamics of Hand Transmission 18 Andrew J. Stewardson, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet 5. Mathematical Models of Handborne Transmission of Nosocomial Pathogens 28 Ben S. Cooper and Nantasit Luangasanatip 6. Methodological Issues in Hand Hygiene Science 36 Matthew Samore and Stephan Harbarth 7. Statistical Issues: How to Overcome the Complexity of Data Analysis in Hand Hygiene Research? 42 Angle Gayet-Ageron and Eli Perencevich 8. Hand Hygiene Agents 51 Pascal Bonnabry and Andreas Voss 9. Methods to Evaluate the Antimicrobial Efficacy of HandHygiene Agents 58 Manfred L. Rotter, Syed A. Sattar, and Miranda Suchomel 10. Hand Hygiene Technique 70 Marie-Nolle Chrati and Andreas F. Widmer 11. Compliance with Hand Hygiene Best Practices 76 Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet 12. Barriers to Compliance 85 John M. Boyce, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet 13. Physicians and Hand Hygiene 89 Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet 14. Surgical Hand Preparation 94 Andreas F. Widmer and Joseph Solomkin 15. Skin Reaction to Hand Hygiene 101 Elaine Larson 16. Alcohol-Based Handrub Safety 105 John M. Boyce and M. Lindsay Grayson 17. Rinse, Gel, Foam, Soap Selecting an Agent 109 Andreas Voss 18. Behavior and Hand Hygiene 115 Mary-Louise McLaws and Hugo Sax 19. Hand Hygiene Promotion Strategies 123 Benedetta Allegranzi and Didier Pittet 20. My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene 134 Hugo Sax, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Didier Pittet 21. System Change 144 Benedetta Allegranzi, Andreas Voss, and Didier Pittet 22. Education of Healthcare Professionals 152 Elaine Larson, Marie-Nolle Chrati, and Wing-Hong Seto 23. Glove Use and Hand Hygiene 156 Marie-Nolle Chrati, Benedetta Allegranzi, and Elaine Larson 24. Monitoring Hand Hygiene Performance 162 Hugo Sax and John M. Boyce 25. Performance Feedback 172 Andrew J. Stewardson and Hugo Sax 26. Marketing Hand Hygiene 180 Julie Storr and Hugo Sax 27. Human Factors Design 185 Lauren Clack and Hugo Sax 28. Institutional Safety Climate 193 Enrique Castro-Snchez, Alison Holmes, and Didier Pittet 29. Personal Accountability for Hand Hygiene 201 Robert M. Wachter and Peter Pronovost 30. Patient Participation and Empowerment 206 Yves Longtin, Susan E. Sheridan, and Maryanne McGuckin 31. Religion and Hand Hygiene 216 Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq and Ziad A. Memish 32. Hand Hygiene Promotion from the US Perspective: PuttingWHO and CDC Guidelines into Practice 221 Katherine Ellingson 33. WHO Multimodal Promotion Strategy 230 Benedetta Allegranzi and Didier Pittet 34. Monitoring Your Institution (Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework) 244 Benedetta Allegranzi, Andrew J. Stewardson, and Didier Pittet 35. National Hand Hygiene Campaigns 249 Claire Kilpatrick and Julie Storr 36. Hand Hygiene Campaigning: From One Hospital to the Entire Country 256 Philip L. Russo and M. Lindsay Grayson 37. Improving Hand Hygiene through Joint Commission Accreditation and the Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare 263 Mark R. Chassin, Barbara I. Braun, and Anne Marie Benedicto 38. A Worldwide WHO Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Campaign 275 Claire Kilpatrick, Julie Storr, and Benedetta Allegranzi 39. The Economic Impact of Improved Hand Hygiene 285 Nicholas Graves 40. Hand Hygiene: Key Principles for the Manager 294 Eleanor Murray, Alison Holmes, and Didier Pittet 41. Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infection Rates 299 Benedetta Allegranzi, Stephan Harbarth, and Didier Pittet 42A.Hand Hygiene in Specific Patient Populations and Situations: Critically Ill Patients 317 Caroline Landelle, Jean-