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A book with bestseller potential – Edvard Munch, a key figure of European modernism, and one of his most important themes: angst. Everyone knows it and fears it – regardless of cultural and social background – yet it is also essential to life, as a driving force and source of energy. Hardly any painter has captured this aspect of the human condition so powerfully as Munch – an artist whose unique body of work leaves no one unmoved.A pioneer of modernism – and a comprehensive and opulent document of a universal emotion! Working outside the academy, Munch as able to address the raw, wild, and immediate aspects of human existence.

The distinctive contribution of this book is that it presents a pragmatic approach for preserving biological diversity. Experts in a wide variety of fields, including philosophy, environmental policy, law, economics and biology, present different perspectives on how to prevent widespread extinction around the world. Several chapters deal with basic questions such as how we should define biodiversity and how we should determine what is most important to save. Two chapters focus on how we can place an economic value on biological diversity, a step that is often critical for gaining acceptance for conservation efforts. One of the major conclusions is that people are often willing to pay to preserve natural systems that have no immediate value in terms of generating income or commodities. Other chapters are case studies of efforts to protect particular species or ecosystems; these provide practical guidelines for how to protect biodiversity more effectively.

The Goodwin-Niering Center for Conservation Biology and Environmental Studies at Connecticut College is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary program that builds on one of the nation's leading undergraduate environmental studies programs. The Center fosters research, education and curriculum development aimed at under­ standing contemporary ecological challenges. One of the major goals of the Good­ win-Niering Center involves enhancing the understanding of both the College com­ munity and the general public with respect to ecological, political, social, and economic factors that affect natural resource use. To this end, the Center has offered five conferences at which academicians, representatives of federal and state govern­ ment, and individuals from non-government environmental organizations are brought together for an in-depth, interdisciplinary evaluation of important environ­ mental issues. On April 1 and 2, 2005, the Center presented the Elizabeth Babbott Conant interdisciplinary conference on Acid in the Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Prospects. The Connecticut Institute of Water Resources at the Univer­ sity of Connecticut, the Connecticut Chapter of The Nature Conservancy and the Connecticut Sea Grant College Program joined the Center as conference sponsors. During the past twenty five years acid rain, formally referred to as acid deposi­ tion, has been the focus of much political debate and scholarly research. Acid dep­ osition occurs when important precursor pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO^), mix with water vapor and oxidants in the atmosphere and fall back to earth in either wet or dry form.

Close followers of the evolution of the Series on Industry and Health Care will recognize in this fourth volume some continuity and some change. The essential concept behind the series remains: here, as before, we are looking to private industry as a potential agent of change in the American health care delivery system.

This fifth issue in the Industry and Health Care series takes a quick turn through unpredictable and only partially charted waters.

It is a pleasure to introduce this special volume of the Industry and Health Care Series. Using the Washing­ ton Business Group on Health 1978 Annual Meeting as its starting point, this volume captures the feelings, concerns, and experience of many who are leading industry's increasingly significant presence in health policy and economics.

The purpose of this book is to review our state of knowledge about the neurobehavioral and psychosocial processes involved in behavioral inhibitory processes and to provide an insight into how these basic research findings may be translated into the practice of drug abuse prevention interventions. Over the last decade, there has been a wealth of information indicating that substance use disorders do not simply reflect an exaggeration of reward seeking behavior, but that they also represent a dysfunction of behavioral inhibitory processes that are critical in exercising self-control. A number of studies have determined that individuals with substance use disorders have poor inhibitory control compared to non-abusing individuals. In addition, the fact that the adolescent period is often characterized by a lack of inhibitory control may be one important reason for the heightened vulnerability for the initiation of drug use during this time. Controlled experiments utilizing neuroscience techniques in laboratory animals or neuroimaging techniques in humans have revealed that individual differences in prefrontal cortical regions may underlie, at least in part, these differences in inhibitory control. Although a few excellent journal reviews have been published on the role of inhibitory deficits in drug abuse, there has been relatively little attention paid to the potential applications of this work for drug abuse prevention. The current book will provide both basic and applied researchers with an overview of this important health-relevant topic. Since translational research cuts across multiple disciplines and most readers are not familiar with all of these disciplines, the reading level will be geared to be accessible to graduate students, as well as to faculty and researchers in the field. The book will be organized around three general themes, encased within introductory and concluding chapters. The first theme will review basic neurobehavioral research findings on inhibition and drug abuse. Chapters in this theme will emphasize laboratory studies using human volunteers or laboratory animals that document the latest research implicating a relation between inhibition and drug abuse at both the neural and behavioral levels of analysis. The second theme will move the topic to at-risk populations that have impulse control problems, including children, adolescents and young adults. The third theme will concentrate on prevention science as it relates to inhibitory control. Chapters in this theme will be written by experts attempting to develop and improve prevention interventions by integrating evidence-based knowledge about inhibitory control processes. In all of the chapters, writers will be asked to speculate about innovative approaches that may be useful for the practice of prevention.

The distinctive contribution of this book is that it presents a pragmatic approach for preserving biological diversity. Experts in a wide variety of fields, including philosophy, environmental policy, law, economics and biology, present different perspectives on how to prevent widespread extinction around the world. Several chapters deal with basic questions such as how we should define biodiversity and how we should determine what is most important to save. Two chapters focus on how we can place an economic value on biological diversity, a step that is often critical for gaining acceptance for conservation efforts. One of the major conclusions is that people are often willing to pay to preserve natural systems that have no immediate value in terms of generating income or commodities. Other chapters are case studies of efforts to protect particular species or ecosystems; these provide practical guidelines for how to protect biodiversity more effectively.

The model system of eyeblink classical conditioning in humans has enormous potential for the understanding and application of fundamental principles of learning.

Over the past two decades, how has urban agriculture changed in sub-Saharan Africa? Is city farming now better integrated into environmental management and city governance? And, looking ahead, how might urban agriculture address the needs of the low-income households and modernizing cities of Africa?In this book, leading specialists in the fields of urban agriculture and urban environment present a unique collection of case studies that examines the growing role of local food production in urban livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Amongst many issues, the authors probe the changing role of urban agriculture, the risks and benefits of crop–livestock systems, and the opportunities for making locally produced food more easily available and more profitable. Concluding chapters reflect on the policy and governance implications of greater integration of urban natural resources and the built environment, an expanded role for urban agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and the crucial role of women in urban food systems.African Urban Harvest will be of interest to decision-makers, development professionals, researchers, academics, and students and educators in urban planning, development studies, African studies, and environmental studies.

Effective control of breast cancer depends on three types of research accomplishment -- understanding the disease's origins and progression: successfully applying this knowledge to methods of detection, diagnosis and treatment: and finding ways to make these advances truly available to the public as effectively as possible. The significant progress that is occurring across this entire spectrum of pioneering investigation is reflected in these proceedings of the 1987 biennial conference of the International Association for Breast Cancer Research. The first section of the book focuses on oncogenes and chemical effectors that may play key roles in early cell transformation leading to breast cancer. Research discussed includes identification of specific oncogenes which appear to be involved in the disease, study of their activation and expression, examination of the biological effects of various growth factors isolated from breast cancer cell lines, and investigation of the molecular mechanisms by which estrogens promote and stimulate growth of breast cancers. The second group of chapters deals with several other complex factors and phenomena which may influence tumor formation in the breast, for example, expression of abnormalities by fibroblasts, disruption of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, and loss of ability nili to synthesize normal basal lamina resulting in alterations in the extracellular matrix. Clarification of the processes of normal mammary gland development and differentiation is central to much of this work.

Especially during the project's early years, when we were directly assessing the development of over 100 children twice yearly and visiting their homes, high activity level was required.

This volume contains a collection of review articles that are extended versions of invited lectures given at the First Pamporovo Winter Workshop on Cooperative Phe­ nomena in Condensed Matter held in villa "Orlitza" (7th-15th March 1998, Pamporovo Ski Resort, Bulgaria). Selected research works reported at the Workshop have been published in the Journal of Physical Studies - a new International Journal for research papers in experimental and theoretical physics (Lviv University, Lviv, Ukraine). These reviews are supposed to be status reports and present new insights gained from the rapidly developing research of outstanding problems in condensed matter physics such as structural properties and phase transitions in fullerene crystals, super­ conductivity ofstrongly interacting electrons in copper oxides, spin polarized Fermi liq­ uids, chaotic vortex filaments in superfluid turbulent Helium-II, desorption induced by electronic transitions in ionic compounds, fluctuation phenomena in superconductors, and quantum critical phenomena in low dimensional magnets and quantum liquids. We have set the material according to the alphabetic order of authors' names although the high temperature superconductivity seems to be the hard kernel in condensed matter physics. The authors have taken care to present the recent advances in their research in a form which is readable and useful not only to experts in the respective field, but also to young scientists. That is why the lectures include a comprehensive introduction to the matter and also an extended discussion of methodical details.

Whether they should or not, few economists do in fact refrain from making pronouncements on public policy, although the state of the economy (both here and elsewhere) suggests that either the advice given is bad or, if good, that it is ignored . . . I happen to think that we are appallingly ignorant about many aspects of the working of the economic system -- the economics of the firm and industry. Ronald H Coase, Economists and Public Policy In this volume we attempt to address an element of Coase's concern by linking the empirical economics of the fInn and industry more closely to macroeconomic policies, and to demonstrate how to assess some of the effects of those policies. The scope of our study ranges from a structural macroeconomic model of the United States, from which macroeconomic effects are propagated to detailed structural models of SIC four digit industries. The rationale for our approach is very much in the spirit of various integrated macroeconomic/industry models constructed by Dale Jorgenson, working with various collaborators. Our approach is also consistent with, and motivated by, Lawrence Klein's agenda of modeling explicitly and structurally the macro and sectoral elements in the national economy. We also examine the effects of the macroeconomic policies of different countries on the enterprise. In only one case, our examination of crowding out of private investment by government defIcit fmancing, is the linkage among sectors implicit.

Neuropsychology is becoming a well-established specialty within the field of rehabilitation medicine. Neuropsychologists need to know many aspects of neurology, physiatry, psychiatry, and the various interpretations of the commonly used psychological tests as they relate to neuropsychology. The emerging speciality in neuropsychology has prompted many experienced neuropsychologists to write text and reference books on the subject. Much of the test information for this book was taken from NeuropsychologicalAssessment by Murial Lezak (1983). Information on syndromes and detailed neurological functions was taken, in part, from Fundamentals of Neuropsychology by Kolb and Whishaw (1980), Neurological Differential Diagnosis by John Patton (1977), Brain's Clinical Neurology, 6th Ed., revised by Sir Roger Bannister (1985), and Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology by Reitan and Wolfson (1985). The purpose of this book is to provide a cross-referenced, alphabeti- cal listing of terms, common medical abbreviations, diseases, symptoms, syndromes, brain structures and locations, and test instruments used in neuropsychology and their neuropsychological interpretations.It is intended to be useful to all levels of neuropsychologists and, perhaps, others in related fields. It is what this author would have like to have had when first starting into this field and is a result of accumulated notes. Everything is alphabetized so that there is no need for an index; if multiple definitions or listings are made, each alphabetical listing of the subject is referenced to all related material.

Atherosclerosis is the principal underlying cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in people of the Western world. Cigarette smoking has been implicated in both the initiation and exacerbation of the atherosclerotic process. Data to support this implication derives primarily from epidemiologic studies where the relationship between the incidence of atherosclerosis in people who smoke cigarettes has been shown to have a strong correlation. There are few well established explanations for this phenomenon, and basic molecular, biochemical, and cellular mechanisms associated with smoking and the development of atherosclerosis remain both undefined and virtually unexplored. Even the epidemiologic correlation between cigarette smoking and the development of atherosclerosis needs further critical studies. It is known that individuals who do not smoke cigarettes develop athero­ sclerosis and it is also known that in people who smoke but have normal or low blood cholesterol/lipoprotein levels, the incidence of development of atherosclerosis is no different from that which is found in a non­ smoking population. Answers which explain such observations must address fundamental biological mechanisms. Toward this end, the purpose of this volume is to assemble, in a single publication, information which will address the questions; what basic cellular and/or molecular mechanisms are associated with the development of atherosclerosis and how does cigarette smoking influence such mechanisms to initiate or exacerbate the atherosclerotic process? Clearly, the development of atherosclerosis is a complex, multifactorial biological event.

Classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane (NM) eyeblink response in rabbits is a useful model system for the study of the neurobiology of learning and memory. This paradigm that is so well described on a biological level has also been applied to studies of normal development over the life span and to instances of abnormal developmental phenomena.Eyeblink conditioning has been studied from molecular and neural network perspectives, and the paradigm is of demonstrated utility in elucidating mechanisms in physiology and pharmacology. This model system provides a behavioral paradigm in animals that has a close analog in human behavior.Perspectives of recent developments in human eyeblink classical conditioning research are presented in the companion volume to this book, Eyeblink Classical Conditioning: Applications in Humans.

Historical archaeologists often become so involved in their potsherd patterns they seldom have time or energy left to address the broader processes responsi­ ble for the material culture patterns they recognize.

Unlike other medical disciplines, in which the skills of history-taking, physical examination, and assessment are nurtured from the first year of medical school, the practice of pathology bears little resemblance to the visual gallery of pattern recognition that is second-year medical school pathology.

The purpose of this book is to review our state of knowledge about the neurobehavioral and psychosocial processes involved in behavioral inhibitory processes and to provide an insight into how these basic research findings may be translated into the practice of drug abuse prevention interventions. Over the last decade, there has been a wealth of information indicating that substance use disorders do not simply reflect an exaggeration of reward seeking behavior, but that they also represent a dysfunction of behavioral inhibitory processes that are critical in exercising self-control. A number of studies have determined that individuals with substance use disorders have poor inhibitory control compared to non-abusing individuals. In addition, the fact that the adolescent period is often characterized by a lack of inhibitory control may be one important reason for the heightened vulnerability for the initiation of drug use during this time. Controlled experiments utilizing neuroscience techniques in laboratory animals or neuroimaging techniques in humans have revealed that individual differences in prefrontal cortical regions may underlie, at least in part, these differences in inhibitory control. Although a few excellent journal reviews have been published on the role of inhibitory deficits in drug abuse, there has been relatively little attention paid to the potential applications of this work for drug abuse prevention. The current book will provide both basic and applied researchers with an overview of this important health-relevant topic. Since translational research cuts across multiple disciplines and most readers are not familiar with all of these disciplines, the reading level will be geared to be accessible to graduate students, as well as to faculty and researchers in the field. The book will be organized around three general themes, encased within introductory and concluding chapters. The first theme will review basic neurobehavioral research findings on inhibition and drug abuse. Chapters in this theme will emphasize laboratory studies using human volunteers or laboratory animals that document the latest research implicating a relation between inhibition and drug abuse at both the neural and behavioral levels of analysis. The second theme will move the topic to at-risk populations that have impulse control problems, including children, adolescents and young adults. The third theme will concentrate on prevention science as it relates to inhibitory control. Chapters in this theme will be written by experts attempting to develop and improve prevention interventions by integrating evidence-based knowledge about inhibitory control processes. In all of the chapters, writers will be asked to speculate about innovative approaches that may be useful for the practice of prevention.