Next-generation routing with SDN, service virtualization, and service chaining
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Köp båda 2 för 850 krRuss White began his network engineering career installing terminal emulation cards and inverse multiplexers in the United States Air Force. In 1996, he moved to Raleigh, N.C., to join Cisco Systems in the Technical Assistance Center (TAC) routing protocols team. From TAC, Russ moved to the global escalation team, and then into engineering, and finally into sales as a Distinguished Architect. He is currently a network architect working in the area of network complexity and large scale design, a member of the IETF Routing Area Directorate, an active speaker and writer, and active in the Internet Society. He holds CCIE #2637, CCDE 2007:001, the CCAr, a Masters in Information Technology from Capella University, and a Masters in Christian Ministry from Shepherds Theological Seminary. He lives in Oak Island, N.C., with his wife and two children, and is currently a P.h.D student at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. Jeff Tantsura started his network engineering career in early 1990s at a small ISP as system/network administrator, later working for bigger ISPs where he was responsible for network design and architecture, vendor selection. Currently Jeff is heading Technology Strategy Routing at Ericsson as well as chairing IETF Routing Working Group. Jeff holds MSc in Computer Science and Systems Analysis from University of Georgia and Executive Certificate of Business Excellence from Haas School of Business, Berkeley. He also holds CCIE R&S #11416 and Ericsson Certified Expert IP Networking #8. Jeff lives in Palo Alto, CA, with his wife and youngest child.
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
How This Book Is Organized . . . . . . . xvii
Chapter 1: Defining Complexity . . . . . . . . . 1
What Is Complexity? . . . . . . . . . 3
Anything I Dont Understand . . . . . . 3
Anything with a Lot of Parts . . . . . . . 5
Anything for Which There Is More State Than Required to
Achieve a Goal . . . . . . . . . 9
Unintended Consequences . . . . . . 11
Why So Much Complexity? . . . . . . . . 13
Future Extensions versus New Protocols . . . . 16
Unexpected Errors . . . . . . . . 17
Why Not Build Infinitely Complex Systems? . . . . . 18
Quick, Cheap, and High Quality: Choose Two . . . 20
Consistency, Availability, and Partition Tolerance:
Choose Two . . . . . . . . . 21
Journey into the Center of Complexity . . . . . . 22
Chapter 2: Components of Complexity . . . . . . . 25
Network Convergence . . . . . . . . . 26
Path Vector: A BGP Example . . . . . . 26
Distance Vector: An EIGRP Example . . . . . 28
Link State: OSPF and IS-IS Convergence . . . . 30
State . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Amount of Information . . . . . . . 32
An Example of State Failure in the Real World . . . 33
Final Thoughts on State . . . . . . . 34
Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
The Network That Never Converges . . . . . 35
The Flapping Link . . . . . . . . 37
Final Thoughts on Speed . . . . . . . 38
Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
The Hourglass Model . . . . . . . . . 41
Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . 44
A Final Thought . . . . . . . . . . 46
Chapter 3: Measuring Network Complexity . . . . . . 47
Some Measures of Network Complexity . . . . . 49
Network Complexity Index . . . . . . 49
Modeling Design Complexity . . . . . . 51
NetComplex . . . . . . . . . 53
Organized Complexity . . . . . . . . . 55
Is This a Waste of Time? . . . . . . . . . 58
A Final Thought . . . . . . . . . . 58
Chapter 4: Operational Complexity . . . . . . . . 61
Exploring the Problem Space . . . . . . . . 61
The Cost of Human Interaction with the System . . . 61
Policy Dispersion versus Optimal Traffic Handling . . 66
Solving the Management Complexity Problem . . . . 69
Automation as a Solution to Management Complexity . 69
Modularity as a Solution to Management Complexity . 72
Protocol Complexity versus Management Complexity . 74
A Final Thought . . . . . . . . . . 77
Chapter 5: Design Complexity . . . . . . . . . 79
Control Plane State versus Stretch . . . . . . . 81
Aggregation versus S...