Student Solutions Manual for Stats

Richard D. De Veaux is an internationally known educator and consultant. He has taught at the Wharton School and the Princeton University School of Engineering, where he won a "Lifetime Award for Dedication and Excellence in Teaching." He is the C. Carlisle and M. Tippit Professor of Statistics at Williams College, where he has taught since 1994. Dick has won both the Wilcoxon and Shewell awards from the American Society for Quality. He is a fellow of the American Statistical Association (ASA) and an elected member of the International Statistical Institute (ISI). In 2008, he was named Statistician of the Year by the Boston Chapter of the ASA. Dick is also well known in industry, where for more than 30 years he has consulted for such Fortune 500 companies as American Express, Hewlett-Packard, Alcoa, DuPont, Pillsbury, General Electric, and Chemical Bank. Because he consulted with Mickey Hart on his book Planet Drum, he has also sometimes been called the "Official Statistician for the Grateful Dead." His real-world experiences and anecdotes illustrate many of this book's chapters. Dick holds degrees from Princeton University in Civil Engineering (B.S.E.) and Mathematics (A.B.) and from Stanford University in Dance Education (M.A.) and Statistics (Ph.D.), where he studied dance with Inga Weiss and Statistics with Persi Diaconis. His research focuses on the analysis of large data sets and data mining in science and industry. In his spare time, he is an avid cyclist and swimmer. He also is the founder of the "Diminished Faculty," an a cappella Doo-Wop quartet at Williams College, and sings bass in the college concert choir and with the Choeur Vittoria of Paris. Dick is the father of four children. Paul F. Velleman has an international reputation for innovative Statistics education. He is the author and designer of the multimedia Statistics program ActivStats, for which he was awarded the EDUCOM Medal for innovative uses of computers in teaching statistics, and the ICTCM Award for Innovation in Using Technology in College Mathematics. He also developed the award-winning statistics program Data Desk, and the Internet site Data and Story Library (DASL) (ASL.datadesk.com), which provides data sets for teaching Statistics. Paul's understanding of using and teaching with technology informs much of this book's approach. Paul has taught Statistics at Cornell University since 1975, where he was awarded the MacIntyre Award for Exemplary Teaching. He holds an A.B. from Dartmouth College in Mathematics and Social Science, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Statistics from Princeton University, where he studied with John Tukey. His research often deals with statistical graphics and data analysis methods. Paul co-authored (with David Hoaglin) ABCs of Exploratory Data Analysis. Paul is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Paul is the father of two boys. David E. Bock taught mathematics at Ithaca High School for 35 years. He has taught Statistics at Ithaca High School, Tompkins-Cortland Community College, Ithaca College, and Cornell University. Dave has won numerous teaching awards, including the MAA's Edyth May Sliffe Award for Distinguished High School Mathematics Teaching (twice), Cornell University's Outstanding Educator Award (three times), and has been a finalist for New York State Teacher of the Year. Dave holds degrees from the University at Albany in Mathematics (B.A.) and Statistics/Education (M.S.). Dave has been a reader and table leader for the AP Statistics exam, serves as a Statistics consultant to the College Board, and leads workshops and institutes for AP Statistics teachers. He has served as K-12 Education and Outreach Coordinator and a senior lecturer for the Mathematics Department at Cornell University. His understanding of how students learn informs much of this book's approach.

Preface Index of Applications I: EXPLORING AND UNDERSTANDING DATA 1. Stats Starts Here 1.1 What Is Statistics? 1.2 Data 1.3 Variables 1.4 Models 2. Displaying and Describing Data 2.1 Summarizing and Displaying a Categorical Variable 2.2 Displaying a Quantitative Variable 2.3 Shape 2.4 Center 2.5 Spread 3. Relationships Between Categorical Variables-Contingency Tables 3.1 Contingency Tables 3.2 Conditional Distributions 3.3 Displaying Contingency Tables 3.4 Three Categorical Variables 4. Understanding and Comparing Distributions 4.1 Displays for Comparing Groups 4.2 Outliers 4.3 Re-Expressing Data: A First Look 5. The Standard Deviation as a Ruler and the Normal Model 5.1 Using the Standard Deviation to Standardize Values 5.2 Shifting and Scaling 5.3 Normal Models 5.4 Working with Normal Percentiles 5.5 Normal Probability Plots Review of Part I: Exploring and Understanding Data II. EXPLORING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIABLES 6. Scatterplots, Association, and Correlation 6.1 Scatterplots 6.2 Correlation 6.3 Warning: Correlation Causation *6.4 Straightening Scatterplots 7. Linear Regression 7.1 Least Squares: The Line of "Best Fit" 7.2 The Linear Model 7.3 Finding the Least Squares Line 7.4 Regression to the Mean 7.5 Examining the Residuals 7.6 R2-The Variation Accounted for by the Model 7.7 Regression Assumptions and Conditions 8. Regression Wisdom 8.1 Examining Residuals 8.2 Extrapolation: Reaching Beyond the Data 8.3 Outliers, Leverage, and Influence 8.4 Lurking Variables and Causation 8.5 Working with Summary Values *8.6 Straightening Scatterplots-The Three Goals *8.7 Finding a Good Re-Expression 9. Multiple Regression 9.1 What Is Multiple Regression? 9.2 Interpreting Multiple Regression Coefficients 9.3 The Multiple Regression Model-Assumptions and Conditions 9.4 Partial Regression Plots *9.5 Indicator Variables Review of Part II: Exploring Relationships Between Variables III. GATHERING DATA 10. Sample Surveys 10.1 The Three Big Ideas of Sampling 10.2 Populations and Parameters 10.3 Simple Random Samples 10.4 Other Sampling Designs 10.5 From the Population to the Sample: You Can't Always Get What You Want 10.6 The Valid Survey 10.7 Common Sampling Mistakes, or How to Sample Badly 11. Experiments and Observational Studies 11.1 Observational Studies 11.2 Randomized, Comparative Experiments 11.3 The Four Principles of Experimental Design 11.4 Control Groups 11.5 Blocking 11.6 Confounding Review of Part III: Gathering Data IV. RANDOMNESS AND PROBABILITY 12. From Randomness to Probability 12.1 Random Phenomena 12.2 Modeling Probability 12.3 Formal Probability 13.Probability Rules! 13.1 The General Addition Rule 13.2 Conditional Probability and the General Multiplication Rule 13.3 Independence 13.4 Picturing Probability: Tables, Venn Diagrams, and Trees 13.5 Reversing the Conditioning and Bayes' Rule 14. Random Variables 14.1 Center: The Expected Value 14.2 Spread: The Standard Deviation 14.3 Shifting and Combining Random Variables 14.4 Continuous Random Variables 15. Probability Models 15.1 Bernoulli Trials 15.2 The Geometric Model 15.3 The Binomial Model 15.4 Approximating the Binomial with a Normal Model 15.5 The Continuity Correction 15.6 The Poisson Model 15.7 Other Continuous Random Variables: The Uniform and the Exponential Review of Part IV: Randomness and Probability V. INFERENCE FOR ONE PARAMETER 16. Sampling Distribution Models and Confidence Intervals for Proportions 16.1 The Sampling Distribution Model for a Proportion 16.2 When Does the Normal Model Work? Assumptions and Conditions 16.3 A Confidence Interval for a Proportion 16.4 Interpreting Confidence Intervals: What Does 95% Confidence Really Mean? 16.5 Margin of Error: Certainty vs. Precision *16.6 Choosing the