Rhona Smith, Professor of International Human Rights at Northumbria University
1. Introduction ; 2. Historical background ; 3. The United Nations ; 4. The International Bill of Human Rights ; 5. The United Nations - organizational structure ; 6. Regional protection of human rights ; 7. Europe ; 8. The Americas ; 9. Africa ; 10. Monitoring, implementing, and enforcing human rights ; 11. Substantive rights - general comments ; 12. Equality and non-discrimination ; 13. The right to life ; 14. Freedom from torture: cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment ; 15. The right to liberty of person ; 16. Equality before the law - the right to a fair trial ; 17. The right to self-determination ; 18. Freedom of expression ; 19. The right to work ; 20. The right to education and human rights education ; 21. Minority rights ; 22. Rights for specific categories of persons ; 23. Looking to the future