Democratic Enlightenment

New York Times Book Review Review from previous edition Israel has turned up evidence of the Radical Enlightenment's influence in surprising places, and that labor alone should ensure that this book finds a place on every specialist's shelf.

BBC History Magazine a brave and ambitious historian...Israel has found a way of dramatising the debates and attitudes which eventually lay the foundations for something we can call modernity.

Joseph Mali, The European Legacy Israels industry and immense erudition are admirable. He cites or refers to thousands of original sources in many languages and stemming from various cultural heritages, many of them hitherto unknown to or seldom used by scholars of the Enlightenment.

<br>Jonathan Israel is Professor of Modern History at the Institute for Advance Study, Princeton. He is a Fellow of the British Academy and corresponding fellow of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences. His previous books include The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477-1806; RadicalEnlightenment; and Enlightenment Contested. <br>

1. Introduction; PART 1: THE RADICAL CHALLENGE; 2. Nature and Providence: Earthquakes and the Human Condition; 3. The Encyclopedie Suppressed (1752-60); 4. Rousseau against the Philosophes; 5. Voltaire, Enlightenment, and the European Courts; 6. Anti-Philosophes; 7. Central Europe: Aufklarung divided; PART II: RATIONALIZING THE ANCIEN REGIME; 8. Hume, Scepticism, and Moderation; 9. Scottish Enlightenment and Man's Progress; 10. Enlightened Despotism; 11. Aufklarung and the Fracturing of German Protestant Culture; 12. Catholic Enlightenment: the Papacy's Retreat; 13. Society and the Rise of the Italian revolutionary Enlightenment; 14. Spain and the Challenge of Reform; PART III: EUROPE AND THE RE-MAKING OF THE WORLD; 15. The Histoire Philosophique, or Colonialism Overturned; 16. The American Revolution; 17. Europe and the Amerindians; 18. Philosophy and Revolt in Ibero-America (1765-92); 19. Commercial Despotism: Dutch Colonialism in Asia; 20. China, Japan, and the West; 21. India and the Two Enlightenments; 22. Russia's Greeks, Poles, and Serfs; PART IV: SPINOZA CONTROVERSIES IN THE LATER ENLIGHTENMENT; 23. Rousseau, Spinoza and the 'General Will'; 24. Radical Break-Through; 25. The Pantheismusstreit (1780-87); 26. Kant and the Radical Challenge; 27. Goethe, Schiller and the new "Dutch Revolt against Spain"; PART V: REVOLUTION; 28. 1788-9: the "General Revolution" begins; 29. The Diffusion; 30. 'Philosophy' as the Maker of Revolutions; 31. Aufklarung and the Secret Societies (1776-92); 32. Small State Revolution in the 1780s; 33. The Dutch Democratic Revolution of the 1780s; 34. The French Revolution: from 'Philosophy' to Basic Human Rights (1788-90); 35. Epilogue: 1789 as an Intellectual Revolution