The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law

Luke McDonagh, Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property Fhima and Gangjee ... fulfil[ing] a pressing need for scholarship focusing on trade mark law's notion of confusion. Over the course of 278 pages they ... systematically explore all aspects of the concept in relation to trade mark registrability and infringement. The book thus provides authoritative analysis of a fundamental part of the legal doctrine in this field. ... I highly recommend it as essential reading for trade mark scholars.

Dr Hayleigh Bosher, IPKAT The book is beautifully presented. It includes a great number of images that assist in the ease of understanding as well as, of course, making it a far more interesting endeavour. Whilst rigorous in its examination, it is written with an elegance that is rarely found in such exhaustive texts, making it a pleasure to read! ... It is no wonder that it was voted IPKAT Best Book on Trade Mark Law 2019! It is an admirable body of work and a valuable contribution to trade mark literature and law.

Professor Paul Torremans, Modern Law Review The confusion test is a focal point, or should one say central difficulty, in European trade mark law. Unravelling it over 250 pages is a major contribution, as is the successful collation and organisation of a massive case law often lacking structure or analytical coherence. This monograph is, in other words, essential reading for all those who work in this field and it deserves a prominent place on our bookshelves.

Dsire Fields, DLA Piper UK LLP, The Trademark Reporter The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law constitutes an excellent authority on the likelihood of confusion analysis in the EU, and has something to offer to everyone interested in this particular field.

Roland Mallinson, Partner and Head of UK Brand Management, Taylor Wessing LLP, Marques Class 46 Blog This well-researched and well-written book is a must-have for the serious trade mark practitioner. The writing is engaging and succinct. The headings are clear and it easy to find the cases to help build an argument for or against likelihood of confusion. I can't ecommend it enough (that is unless you're in a case against me, in which case its really not worth buying at all).

Eleonora Rosati, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice In sum, The Confusion Test in European Trade Mark Law is a work that - also because of its conciseness, clarity of exposition and case law-based approach - makes a pivotal contribution to the understanding, not just of European trade mark law, but also European IP law more generally.

Dr Catherine Ng, University of Aberdeen I have read this book with enormous gratitude to the authors. This work is a much needed, clear, concise, and insightful account of a complex area of trade mark law, presented engagingly with critical analyses, ample case law and illustrations throughout. A brilliant contribution to scholarship on the subject.

Robert Burrell, Pr...

Dev Gangjee, BA LLB is Lecturer in Law at the London School of Economics.

1. Introduction: The Likelihood of Confusion ; 2. Timing of confusion ; 3. The relevant consumer ; 4. Similarity of marks ; 5. Similarity of goods and services ; 6. Distinctiveness of the marks ; 7. Other factors ; 8. Non-Conventional Marks and the Likelihood of Confusion ; 9. The interplay of confusion and the defences