Introduction to Mineralogy, Second International Edition

William D. Nesse is the Chair and Professor of Geology at the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Northern Colorado.

1. Introduction ; MINERALS ; MINERALOIDS ; MINERALOGY ; MINERAL NOMENCLATURE ; GENERAL REFERENCES ON MINERALOGY ; REFERENCES CITED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READING ; 2. Crystallography ; INTRODUCTION ; TRANSLATIONAL SYMMETRY ; PLANE LATTICES ; TRANSLATIONAL SYMMETRY: 3-D ; SPACE LATTICES AND UNIT CELL ; BRAVAIS LATTICES & CRYSTAL SYSTEMS ; POINT SYMMETRY ; REFLECTION ; ROTATION ; INVERSION ; COMPOUND SYMMETRY OPERATIONS ; SYMMETRY NOTATION ; 32 POINT GROUPS ; STENO'S LAW ; MEASUREMENT OF CRYSTAL ANGLES ; DETERMINING CRYSTAL SYSTEM AND CRYSTAL CLASS ; SPACE GROUPS ; CRYSTAL FACES ; LAWS OF HAUY AND BRAVAIS ; MILLER INDICES ; INDICES AND CRYSTAL AXES IN THE HEXAGONAL CRYSTAL SYSTEM ; DETERMINING MILLER INDEX ; ASSIGNING MILLER INDEXES BY INSPECTION ; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DIRECTIONS ; ZONES ; CRYSTAL FORMS ; ISOMETRIC FORMS ; NON-ISOMETRIC FORMS ; COMBINING CRYSTAL FORMS ; ENANTIOMORPHOUS FORMS AND CRYSTALS ; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FORMS ; FORMS IN THE SIX CRYSTAL SYSTEMS ; TRICLINIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM ; MONOCLINIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM ; ORTHORHOMBIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM ; TETRAGONAL CRYSTAL SYSTEM ; HEXAGONAL CRYSTAL SYSTEM ; ISOMETRIC CRYSTAL SYSTEM ; CRYSTAL HABIT ; REFERENCES CITED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READING ; 3. Crystal Chemistry ; INTRODUCTION ; THE NATURE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS ; NUCLEUS ; ELECTRONS ; FORMATION OF IONS ; ABUNDANCE OF THE ELEMENTS ; CHEMICAL BONDING ; VALENCE-RELATED BONDING ; RELATION AMONG THE VALENCE-DEPENDENT BONDS ; BONDS NOT INVOLVING VALENCE ELECTRONS ; SIZE OF ATOMS AND IONS ; OXIDATION STATE ; COORDINATION ; REFERENCES CITED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READING ; 4. Crystal Structure ; INTRODUCTION ; CONTROLS OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ; STRUCTURE CONTROLS WITH METALLIC BONDING ; STRUCTURE CONTROLS WITH COVALENT BONDING ; STRUCTURAL CONTROLS WITH MOLECULAR CRYSTALS ; STRUCTURE CONTROLS WITH IONIC BONDING ; APPLICATION OF PAULING'S RULES ; ILLUSTRATING MINERAL STRUCTURES ; ISOSTRUCTURAL MINERALS ; POLYMORPHISM ; RECONSTRUCTIVE POLYMORPHISM ; DISPLACIVE POLYMORPHISM ; ORDER-DISORDER POLYMORPHISM ; POLYTYPISM ; MINERAL CLASSIFICATION ; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION IN MINERALS ; SUBSTITUTIONAL SOLID SOLUTION 4.30 ; MINERAL FORMULAS ; GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION ; BINARY DIAGRAMS ; TERNARY DIAGRAMS ; REFERENCES CITED & SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READING ; 5. Mineral Growth ; INTRODUCTION ; MINERAL STABILITY 5.3 ; STABILITY 5.3 ; GIBBS FREE ENERGY 5.4 ; MINERAL REACTIONS 5.6 ; MINERAL NUCLEATION 5.9 ; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION 5.9 ; HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION 5.15 ; CRYSTAL GROWTH. 5.16 ; RATE OF GROWTH 5.18 ; ZONED CRYSTALS 5.21 ; STRUCTURAL DEFECTS 5.25 ; POINT DEFECTS 5.26 ; LINE DEFECTS 5.28 ; PLANAR DEFECTS 5.31 ; TWINNING 5.33 ; POST-CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES 5.40 ; ORDERING 5.40 ; TWINNING 5.41 ; RECRYSTALLIZATION 5.41 ; EXSOLUTION 5.43 ; RADIOACTIVITY AND MINERALS 5.45 ; REFERENCES CITED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READING 5.51 ; SECTION II: MINERAL PROPERTIES, STUDY, AND IDENTIFICATION ; 6. Physical Properties of Minerals 6.1 ; INTRODUCTION 6.2 ; MASS DEPENDENT PROPERTIES 6.2 ; DENSITY 6.2 ; SPECIFIC GRAVITY 6.3 ; PROPERTIES RELATED TO MECHANICAL COHESION 6.7 ; HARDNESS 6.7 ; TENACITY 6.10 ; CLEAVAGE 6.10 ; FRACTURE 6.12 ; PARTING 6.13 ; COLOR AND LUSTER 6.14 ; LIGHT 6.14 ; PERCEPTION OF COLOR 6.15 ; MINERAL LUSTER 6.17 ; MINERAL COLOR 6.18 ; COLOR FROM MECHANICAL CAUSES 6.25 ; CONSISTENCY OF MINERAL COLOR 6.27 ; STREAK 6.27 ; LUMINESCENCE 6.28 ; MAGNETISM 6.31 ; DIAMAGNETISM 6.32 ; PARAMAGNETISM 6.33 ; FERROMAGNETISM 6.34 ; FERRIMAGNETISM 6.35 ; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 6.37 ; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 6.37 ; PIEZOELECTRICITY 6.38 ; PYROELECTRICITY 6.40 ; MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTIES 6.41 ; REFERENCES CITED AND SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL READING 6.43 ; 7. Optical Mineralogy 7.1 ; INTRODUCTION 7.3 ; LIGHT 7.4 ; LIGHT WAVES 7.4 ; POLARIZED LIGHT 7.6 ; INTERACTION OF LIGHT AND MATTER 7.7 ; OPTICALLY ISOTROPIC VS. ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS 7.8 ; REFLECTION AND REFRACTION 7.9 ; DISPERSION 7.11 ; PETROGRAPHIC MICROSCOPE 7.1