Capitalism and the Emergence of Civic Equality in Eighteenth-Century France

"[An] ambitious work. The result of years of reflection... it presents a compelling vision of the way a specifically French variety of capitalism developed in the 18th century, and how resulting forms of social experience in turn laid the groundwork for a new, revolutionary politics." * London Review of Books * "In this ambitious book, Sewell argues that the development of capitalism in eighteenth-century France led to the rise of civic equality and its triumph in the Revolution. . . .[The book's] strength derives from its ability to synthesize secondary literature from intellectual, political, social, and economic history seamlessly. Sewell combines this literature with published primary sources to produce a rich description of several realms of French society; intellectual and social biographies of four philosophes; and a political, institutional, and economic narrative of the coming of the French Revolution. He leaves no doubt that commercial relations were expanding through more of society in the eighteenth century and that the belief in civic equality had become central to political thought by the time of the Revolution." * Journal of Interdisciplinary History * "This superb book will be recognized immediately as a classic in the rich historiography of the French Revolution. It is the first major rethinking of the relationship of the old regime to the Revolution since Furet's Interpreting the French Revolution was published four decades ago. Sewell's book is elegantly and lucidly written, persuasively argued, and of fundamental importance for scholars in the broad spectrum of humanistic and social scientific disciplines who seek to understand the major transformation that gave birth to modern political culture." * Keith Michael Baker, Stanford University * "Sewell offers a detailed history of how our world, through the proliferation of physical objects, came to be experienced as less concrete and more abstract. Ranging from promenades to taxation by way of fashion, philosophes, and political economy, this magisterial synthesis shows that eighteenth-century capitalism both profoundly challenged existing regimes of privilege and, eventually, created entire new ones." * Rebecca L. Spang, Indiana University * "In his bold rethinking of Marx, Sewell restores capitalism to the debate on the origins of the French Revolution. With his signature clarity, he offers us a novel interpretive framework for understanding how subversive notions of equality upended a traditional society to ignite the Revolution. This book is essential reading for all French historians, social theorists, and students of capitalism." * Michael Kwass, Johns Hopkins University * "It is impossible to do justice with a short summary to the subtlety, sophistication, and persuasiveness of Sewell's book, which may well be his magnum opus. It contains pointed excursuses on major theorists, from Tocqueville to Habermas; remarkable syntheses of recent work on the eighteenth-century French economy; lively biographies of four Enlightenment figures (Voltaire, Diderot, Morellet, and Rousseau), examined from the point of view of their personal finances; and chapters on French tax policy and economic reforms. . . This is an ambitious book, proposing no less than a new economic explanation for the French Revolution." * The Journal of Modern History *

William H. Sewell Jr. is the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in Political Science and History at the University of Chicago. He is the author of several books, including, most recently, Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation, published by the University of Chicago Press.

Introduction: The French Revolution and the Shock of Civic Equality Chapter 1: Old Regime State and Society Chapter 2: The Eighteenth-Century Economy: Commerce and Capitalism Part 1: The Emergence of an Urban Public Chapter 3: The Commercial Public Sphere Chapter 4: The Empire of Fashion Chapter 5: The Parisian Promenade Part 2: The Philosophes and the Career Open to Talent Chapter 6: The Philosophe Career and the Impossible Example of Voltaire Chapter 7: Denis Diderot: Living by the Pen Chapter 8: The Abbe Morellet: Between Publishing and Patronage Chapter 9: Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Self-Deceived Clientage Part 3: Royal Administration and the Promise of Political Economy Chapter 10: Tocqueville's Challenge: Royal Administration and the Rise of Civic Equality Chapter 11: Warfare, Taxes, and Administrative Centralization: The Double Bind of Royal Finance Chapter 12: Political Economy: A Solution to the Double Bind? Chapter 13: Navigating the Double Bind: Efforts at Reform Conclusion: The Revolution and the Advent of Civic Equality Epilogue: Civic Equality and the Continuing History of Capitalism Acknowledgments References Index