Ways of Regulating Drugs in the 19th and 20th Centuries

"Ways of Regulating Drugs presents twelve very wide-ranging, generally excellent, and often quite specialized chapters. ... This is all thought-provoking, quality work. The 'ways of regulating' framework brings wonderfully sophisticated analysis to the history of drug regulation, especially when focused on state, industrial, professional, and juridical actors whose power to create and enforce is evident." - David Herzberg, University at Buffalo, USA "Ways of Regulating Drugs offers a stimulating history of the pharmaceutical products and industry during the 19th and 20th century. The choice of the authors is to assume different ways of analysing drug trajectories the demonstration is really convincing: it shows that if drugs aren't like other goods and if public health refers to a specific market, their history might not remain at the frontiers of the history of sciences, economic history or political history. The question of drug trajectories and of their regulations has become crucial enough to be liable to resolutely and fruitful multidisciplinary approaches, of which this book is a major issue." - Sophie Chauveau, Gesnerus, 71, (2014)

CHRISTIAN BONAH Professor for the History of Medical and Health Sciences at the University of Strasbourg, France ALBERTO CAMBROSIO Professor in the Department of Social Studies of Medicine at McGill University, Canada MAURICE CASSIER Sociologist and a Senior Researcher for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France JEREMY GREENE Assistant Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University, USA AXEL C. HUENTELMANN Academic Assistant at the Institute for the History Theory and Ethics of Medicine at the Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany PETER KEATING Professor of History at the Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Canada ILANA LOEWY Senior Researcher at INSERM (Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Scientifique), Paris, France HARRY M. MARKS was Associate Professor at the Institute of the History of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, USA DONNA A. MESSNER Research Director at the Center for Medical Technology Policy in Baltimore, USA TOINE PIETERS Professor of the History of Pharmacy at Utrecht University, the Netherlands VIVIANE QUIRKE RCUK Academic Fellow and Senior Lecturer in Modern History and History at Oxford Brookes University, UK STEPHEN SNELDERS Research Fellow at the Descartes Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities at Utrecht University, the Netherlands

List of Illustrations List of Tables Notes on Contributors General Introduction; J.P.Gaudilliere & V.Hess Secrets, Bureaucracy and the Public: Drug Regulation in Prussia in the 19th century; V.Hess Making Salvarsan. Experimental therapy and the development and marketing of Salvarsan at the interface between science, clinic, industry and public health; A.Huntelmann Professional and Industrial Regulation in France and Germany: the Trajectories of Plant Extracts; J.P.Gaudilliere Making Risks Visible: The Science, Politics and Regulation of Adverse Drug Reactions; H.Marks Regulating Drugs, Regulating Diseases: Consumerism and the U.S. Tolbutamide Controversy; J.Greene Thalidomide, Drug Safety Regulation and the British Pharmaceutical Industry: the Case of Imperial Chemical Industries; V.Quirke What's in a pill? On the Informational Enrichment of Anti-cancer Drugs; A.Cambrosio , P.Keating & A.Mogoutov Treating Health Risks or Putting Healthy Women at Risk: Controversies around Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer; I.Loewy AZT and Drug Regulatory Reform in the Late Twentieth Century US; D.Messner Professional, Industrial and Court Regulation of Drugs: The 1953 Stalinon Case and Pharmaceutical Reform in Postwar France; C.Bonah Managing Double Binds in the Pharmaceutical Prescription Market: The Case of Halcion; T.Pieters & S.Snelders Pharmaceutical Patent Law In-the-Making: Opposition and Legal Action by States, Citizens and Generics Laboratories in Brazil and India; M.Cassier