An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence
In this book, one of today's most innovative thinkers, John H. Holland, explains the theory of emergencea simple theory that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Emergence demonstrates that a small number of rules or laws can generate i...
In this Very Short Introduction, John Holland presents an introduction to the science of complexity. Using examples from biology and economics, he shows how complexity science models the behaviour of complex systems.
John H. Holland is Professor of Psychology and Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Michigan; he is also Trustee and External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute. He is the author of Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity and other books.
Part 1 The general setting: preliminary survey; a simple artificial adaptive system; a complex natural adaptive system; some general observations. Part 2 A formal framework: discussion; presentation; comparison with the Dubins-Savage formalization of the gambler's problem. Part 3 Illustrations: genetics; economics; game-playing; searches, pattern recognition, and statistical inference; control and function optimization; central nervous systems. Part 4 Schemata. Part 5 The optimal allocation of trials: the 2-armed bandit; realization of minimal looses; many options; application to schemata. Part 6 Reproductive plans and genetic operators: generalized reproductive plans; generalized genetic operators - crossing-over; generalized genetic operators - inversion; generalized genetic operators - mutation; further increases in power; interpretations. Part 7 The robustness of genetic plans: adaptive plans; the robustness of plans; robustness vis-a-vis a simple artificial adaptive system; robustness vis-a-vis a complex and natural adaptive system; general consequence. Part 8 Adaptation of codings and representations: fixed representation; the "Broadcast Language"; usage; concerning applications and the use of genetic plans to modify representations. Part 9 An overview: insights; computer studies; advanced questions. Part 10 Interim and prospectus: in the interim; the optimal allocation of trials revisited; recent work; possibilities.