Fundamentals of Nursing Models, Theories and Practice

Hugh P. McKenna CBE is Pro Vice Chancellor of Research and Innovation at University of Ulster, UK. Majda Pajnkihar is Dean, Senior Research Fellow, and Head of Institute of Nursing Care in the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Slovenia. Fiona Murphy is Associate Professor at the College of Human & Health Sciences, Swansea University, UK.

About the series viii Dedication ix Preface x How to use your textbook xii About the companion website xvii Chapter 1 The case for nursing theory 1 Introduction 2 The necessity and meaning of theory 4 Theory defined 5 Construction of theory 9 Theory and science of nursing 11 Other interpretations of theory 13 Main paradigms and philosophies and their influence on the development of nursing science 14 Theory and practice of nursing 16 Do we really need theory? 18 Nursing theories today 18 Conclusion 21 Chapter 2 Knowing in nursing and nursing knowledge 23 Introduction 24 Defining knowing and knowledge 24 Philosophies of knowledge 25 How do nurses know? 35 Developing nursing knowledge 48 Conclusion 52 Chapter 3 Theory from practice and practice from theory 53 Introduction 54 First steps reflecting on theory 54 The questions begged 55 Developing nursing theory 56 Levels of theory 58 The relationship between theory and practice 69 The questions begged some answers 76 Conclusion 77 Chapter 4 Nursing theories and new nursing roles 79 Introduction 80 Defining role 81 Background to the development of new roles in nursing 81 Some implications of the new nursing roles 84 Using theory to understand new roles in nursing 85 Conclusion 97 Chapter 5 Nursing theories or nursing models 99 Introduction 100 Reasons for historical nursing theory evolution 100 Model 102 Theory 103 Theory or model? 104 The classification of theories 106 Current trends in nursing theories 109 The nursing metaparadigm 110 Limitations of nursing theories 114 Benefits of nursing theories 118 Conclusions 121 Chapter 6 Interpersonal relationships: the essence of nursing models and theories 123 Introduction 124 Types of interpersonal relationships 124 Interpersonal theories of nursing 127 Implications for nurse education 133 Social capital 135 Threats to the development of interpersonal relationships in nursing and the use of interpersonal theories 136 Conclusion 138 Chapter 7 How to select a suitable model or theory 140 Introduction 141 Selecting an appropriate nursing theory 142 Potential problems when selecting a nursing theory 143 Choosing a suitable nursing theory 150 Nurses own philosophy as a basis for selecting a theory 153 A strategy for choice 154 Who should select the theory? 155 Nursing theories or theories developed by another discipline? 156 Conclusion 158 Chapter 8 Research and theory: some relationships 161 Introduction 162 Building theory through research: an inductive approach 162 Is the link between theory and research strong? 165 Research in nursing 166 Theory-generating research (TGR) 167 Theory-testing research (TTR) 171 Theory-framed research (TFR) 174 Theory-evaluating research (TER) 175 Strategies for theory development through research 180 Conclusions 184 Chapter 9 Criteria for theory description, analysis and evaluation 186 Introduction 187 The evaluator of a nursing theory 187 Significance of the theory 187 Step 1: Theory description 189 Step 2: Theory analysis 192 Step 3: Theory evaluation 201 Conclusion 206 References 208 Index 220