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Köp båda 2 för 1288 krProfessor Volker Quaschning has been a full professor in renewable energy systems at the Berlin University of Applied Sciences since 2004. He has had more than fifteen years experience in the renewable energy sector. He is currently Area Head of Systems Analysis at Plataforma Solar de Almera, a research centre for solar technologies developed in collaboration between CIEMAT (public research institute linked with the Spanish government) and DLR (German aerospace centre). Professor Quaschning has had more than 100 publications in the renewable energy field, including six textbooks; four in German, one in English and one in Arab.
Preface xi 1 Our Hunger for Energy 1 1.1 Energy Supply Yesterday and Today 2 1.1.1 From the French Revolution to the Early 20th Century 2 1.1.2 The Era of Black Gold 4 1.1.3 Natural Gas the Newest Fossil Energy Source 7 1.1.4 Nuclear Power Split Energy 9 1.1.5 The Century of Fossil Energy 12 1.2 Energy Needs Who Needs What, Where and How Much? 13 1.3 Anyway Energy 16 1.4 Energy Supplies Wealth Forever 19 1.5 The End of Fission 21 1.6 Oil Prices Today Politics, Supply and Demand 22 2 The Climate Before the Collapse? 24 2.1 It Is Getting Warm Climate Changes Today 24 2.1.1 The Ice is Slowly Melting 24 2.1.2 Natural Catastrophes Occur More Frequently 26 2.2 The Guilty Parties Causes of Climate Change 29 2.2.1 The Greenhouse Effect 29 2.2.2 The Prime Suspect: Carbon Dioxide 30 2.2.3 Other Culprits 34 2.3 Outlook and Recommendations What Lies Ahead? 37 2.3.1 Will It be Bitterly Cold in Europe? 39 2.3.2 Recommendations for Effective Climate Protection 42 2.4 Diffi cult Birth Politics and Climate Change 42 2.4.1 German Climate Policy 42 2.4.2 International Climate Policy 44 2.5 Self-Help Climate Protection 46 3 From Wasting Energy to Saving Energy and Reducing Carbon Dioxide 47 3.1 Less Effi cient Energy Use and Waste Today 47 3.2 Personal Energy Needs Easily Saved at Home 50 3.2.1 Domestic Electricity Money Wasted 50 3.2.2 Heat Surviving the Winter with Almost No Heating 54 3.2.3 Transport Getting Somewhere Using Less Energy 58 3.3 Industry and Co Everyone Else is to Blame 61 3.4 The Personal Carbon Dioxide Record 62 3.4.1 Emissions Caused Directly by Ones Own Activities 62 3.4.2 Indirectly Caused Emissions 63 3.4.3 Total Emissions 65 3.5 The Sale of Ecological Indulgences 67 4 Carbon-Free Energy Vision or Utopia? 70 4.1 Options for Carbon-Free Energy Supply 70 4.1.1 Effi cient Power Plants More Power with Less Carbon Dioxide 70 4.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Sequestering Away with Carbon Dioxide 72 4.1.3 Nuclear Energy Squeaky Clean 74 4.1.4 Combined Heat and Power Using Fuel Twice 75 4.1.5 Saving Energy Achieving More with Less 76 4.2 Renewable Energy Sources No End to What is Available 77 4.3 Options for Protecting the Climate 79 4.3.1 Down with Primary Energy Needs 79 4.3.2 Electricity Generation Totally Without Nuclear and Fossil Power Plants 81 4.3.3 Insulation and Renewable Energies to Provide Heat 82 4.3.4 Increasing Effi ciency and New Concepts for Traffic 83 4.4 Reliable Supply Using Renewable Energies 84 5 Photovoltaics Energy from Sand 87 5.1 Structure and Function 88 5.1.1 Electrons, Holes and Space-Charge Regions 88 5.1.2 Effi ciency, Characteristics and MPP 90 5.2 Production of Solar Cells from Sand to Cell 92 5.2.1 Silicon Solar Cells Electricity from Sand 92 5.2.2 From Cell to Module 94 5.2.3 Thin Film Solar Cells 95 5.3 Photovoltaic Systems Networks and Islands 96 5.3.1 Sun Islands 96 5.3.2 Sun in the Grid 99 5.4 Planning and Design 103 5.4.1 Planned on the Grid 103 5.4.2 Planned Islands 107 5.5 Economics 109 5.5.1 What Does It Cost? 109 5.5.2 Incentive Schemes 111 5.6 Ecology 112 5.7 Photovoltaic Markets 113 5.8 Outlook and Development Potential 114 6 Solar Thermal Systems Year-Round Heating from the Sun 116 6.1 Structure and Functionality 118 6.2 Solar Collectors Collecting the Sun 120 6.2.1 Swimming Pool Absorbers 120 6.2.2 Flat-Plate Collectors 121 6.2.3 Air-Based Collectors 122 6.2.4 Vacuum-Tube Collectors 123 6.3 Solar Thermal Systems 125 6.3.1 Hot Water from the Sun 125 6.3.2 Heating with the Sun 128 6.3.3 Solar Communities 130 6.3.4 Cooling with the Sun 130 6.3.5 Swimming with the Sun 131 6.3.6 Cooking with the Sun 133 6.4 Planning and Design 133 6.4.1 Solar Thermal Heating of Domestic Hot Water 134 6.4.2 Solar Therma