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Köp båda 2 för 1917 krGordon Gilmore is the author of Practical Gamma-ray Spectroscopy, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley.
Preface to the Second Edition xv Preface to the First Edition xvii Internet Resources within the Book xix 1 Radioactive Decay and the Origin of Gamma and X-Radiation 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Beta Decay 2 1.3 Alpha Decay 7 1.4 Spontaneous Fission (SF) 8 1.5 Minor Decay Modes 8 1.6 Gamma Emission 8 1.7 Other Sources of Photons 12 1.8 The Mathematics of Decay and Growth of Radioactivity 15 1.9 The Chart of the Nuclides 19 2 Interactions of Gamma Radiation with Matter 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Mechanisms of Interaction 25 2.3 Total Attenuation Coefficients 29 2.4 Interactions within the Detector 30 2.5 Interactions within the Shielding 33 2.6 Bremsstrahlung 35 2.7 Attenuation of Gamma Radiation 36 2.8 The Design of Detector Shielding 36 3 Semiconductor Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Semiconductors and Gamma-Ray Detection 40 3.3 The Nature of Semiconductors 43 3.4 The Manufacture of Germanium Detectors 45 3.5 Detector Capacitance 49 3.6 Charge Collection in Detectors 50 3.7 Packaging of Detectors 55 4 Electronics for Gamma-Ray Spectrometry 61 4.1 The General Electronic System 61 4.2 Detector Bias Supplies 66 4.3 Preamplifiers 66 4.4 Amplifiers and Pulse Processors 70 4.5 Resolution Enhancement 80 4.6 Multichannel Analysers and their Analogue-to-Digital Converters 81 4.7 Live Time Correction and Loss-Free Counting 92 4.8 Spectrum Stabilization 94 4.9 Coincidence and Anticoincidence Gating 96 4.10 Multiplexing and Multiscaling 96 4.11 Digital Pulse Processing Systems 97 5 Statistics of Counting 101 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Counting Distributions 102 5.3 Sampling Statistics 104 5.4 Peak Area Measurement 108 5.5 Optimizing Counting Conditions 111 5.6 Counting Decision Limits 114 5.7 Special Counting Situations 121 5.8 Uncertainty Budgets 123 6 Resolution: Origins and Control 131 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Charge Production wP 133 6.3 Charge Collection wC 134 6.4 Electronic Noise wE 136 6.5 Resolving the Peak Width Calibration 138 7 Spectrometer Calibration 143 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 Reference Data for Calibration 143 7.3 Sources for Calibration 144 7.4 Energy Calibration 144 7.5 Peak Width Calibration 147 7.6 Efficiency Calibration 150 7.7 Mathematical Efficiency Calibration 160 8 True Coincidence Summing 165 8.1 Introduction 165 8.2 The Origin of Summing 166 8.3 Summing and Solid Angle 166 8.4 Spectral Evidence of Summing 167 8.5 Validity of Close Geometry Calibrations 168 8.6 Summary 171 8.7 Summing in Environmental Measurements 171 8.8 Achieving Valid Close Geometry Efficiency Calibrations 172 8.9 TCS, Geometry and Composition 174 8.10 Achieving 'Summing-free' measurements 175 8.11 Mathematical Summing Corrections 176 8.12 Software for Correction of TCS 178 9 Computer Analysis of Gamma-Ray Spectra 183 9.1 Introduction 183 9.2 Methods of Locating Peaks in the Spectrum 185 9.3 Library Directed Peak Searches 187 9.4 Energy Calibration 188 9.5 Estimation of the Peak Centroid 189 9.6 Peak Width Calibration 189 9.7 Determination of the Peak Limits 191 9.8 Measurements of Peak Area 192 9.9 Full Energy Peak Efficiency Calibration 193 9.10 Multiplet Peak Resolution by Deconvolution 195 9.11 Peak Stripping as a Means of Avoiding Deconvolution 196 9.12 The Analysis of the Sample Spectrum 197 9.13 Nuclide Identification 200 9.14 The Final Report 200 9.15 Setting Up Nuclide and Gamma-Ray Libraries 201 9.16 Buying Spectrum Analysis Software 202 9.17 The Spectrum Analysis Programs Referred to in the Text 202 10 Scintillation Spectrometry 205 10.1 Introduction 205 10.2 The Scintillation Process 205 10.3 Scintillation Activators 206 10.4 Life time of Excited States 206 10.5 Temperature Variation of the Scintillator Response 207 10.6 Scintillator Detector Materials 207 10.7 Photomultiplier Tubes 211 10.8 The Photocathode 211 10.9 The Dynode Electron Multiplier Chain 212 10.10 Phot