An Introduction to Materials Engineering and Science for Chemical and Materials Engineers

"the author has done an outstanding effort tin collecting the vast information on materials and presenting it in a readable form." (Materials and Manufacturing Process, January 2007) "Mitchell's book has achieved a new level and range of information and deserves serious consideration as a backing text for undergraduate MSE courses" (MRS Bulletin, March 2005) "this book offers a solid foundation in materials engineering and science. (Chemical Engineering Progress, October 2004) "corrosion professionals are most likely to benefit from this book if they need descriptions of the characteristics of materials with which they are not already familiar. (Corrosion, October 2004) "I heartily recommend this book, primarily because of the unified presentation of topics across the materials classes. All of the important topics in an introductory materials science class are presented well, and covered by problems." (AICHe Journal, October 2004) "the first of what will be a new generation of introductory texts that treat all classes of materialswill appeal to students and instructors who desire a broader picture of materials science and engineering than is available source: other introductory texts..." (JOM, May 6, 2004) "very well written, illustrated, bound, and presentedand excellent acquisitionhighly recommended" (Choice, Vol. 41, No. 9, May 2004) "Overall the text is a worthy addition to the extensive list of MSE textbooks and should be examined as a potential required text for introductory courses." (Journal of Materials Education, 2003)

BRIAN S. MITCHELL, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is also the Associate Director of the Tulane Institute for Macromolecular Engineering and Science.

Preface xi Acknowledgments xv 1 The Structure of Materials 1 1.0 Introduction and Objectives 1 1.1 Structure of Metals and Alloys 28 1.2 Structure of Ceramics and Glasses 55 1.3 Structure of Polymers 76 1.4 Structure of Composites 99 1.5 Structure of Biologics 114 References 128 Problems 130 2 Thermodynamics of Condensed Phases 136 2.0 Introduction and Objectives 136 2.1 Thermodynamics of Metals and Alloys 140 2.2 Thermodynamics of Ceramics and Glasses 165 2.3 Thermodynamics of Polymers 191 2.4 Thermodynamics of Composites 200 2.5 Thermodynamics of Biologics 204 References 209 Problems 211 3 Kinetic Processes in Materials 215 3.0 Introduction and Objectives 215 3.1 Kinetic Processes in Metals and Alloys 219 3.2 Kinetic Processes in Ceramics and Glasses 233 3.3 Kinetic Processes in Polymers 246 3.4 Kinetic Processes in Composites 269 3.5 Kinetic Processes in Biologics 277 References 280 Problems 282 4 Transport Properties of Materials 285 4.0 Introduction and Objectives 285 4.1 Momentum Transport Properties of Materials 287 4.2 Heat Transport Properties of Materials 316 4.3 Mass Transport Properties of Materials 343 References 374 Problems 376 5 Mechanics of Materials 380 5.0 Introduction and Objectives 380 5.1 Mechanics of Metals and Alloys 381 5.2 Mechanics of Ceramics and Glasses 422 5.3 Mechanics of Polymers 448 5.4 Mechanics of Composites 472 5.5 Mechanics of Biologics 515 References 532 Problems 533 6 Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties of Materials 537 6.1 Electrical Properties of Materials 538 6.2 Magnetic Properties of Materials 600 6.3 Optical Properties of Materials 644 References 677 Problems 678 7 Processing of Materials 681 7.0 Introduction 681 7.1 Processing of Metals and Alloys 681 7.2 Processing of Ceramics and Glasses 704 7.3 Processing of Polymers 754 7.4 Processing of Composites 795 7.5 Processing of Biologics 804 References 811 Problems 812 8 Case Studies in Materials Selection 814 8.0 Introduction and Objectives 814 8.1 Selection of Metals for a Compressed Air Tank 821 8.2 Selection of Ceramic Piping for Coal Slurries in a Coal Liquefaction Plant 827 8.3 Selection of Polymers for Packaging 832 8.4 Selection of a Composite for an Automotive Drive Shaft 835 8.5 Selection of Materials as Tooth Coatings 842 References 848 Problems 849 Appendix 1: Energy Values for Single Bonds 851 Appendix 2: Structure of Some Common Polymers 852 Appendix 3: Composition of Common Alloys 856 Appendix 4: Surface and Interfacial Energies 869 Appendix 5: Thermal Conductivities of Selected Materials 874 Appendix 6: Diffusivities in Selected Systems 880 Appendix 7: Mechanical Properties of Selected Materials 882 Appendix 8: Electrical Conductivity of Selected Materials 893 Appendix 9: Refractive Index of Selected Materials 900 Answers to Selected Problems 903 Index 907 Sections marked with an asterisk can be omitted in an introductory course.