The Symptom and the Subject

"Brooke Holmes' volume is a wonderful read that would be enjoyed not only by scholars but also by people interested in the history of ideas in the Greek world. I also think that such a work must be a source for any future analysis of the concepts of person, soul, and body in Greek philosophy and literature."--Octavian Gabor, Bryn Mawr Classical Review "Historians of ancient medicine and scholars of Greek tragedy will find this carefully documented book of great interest."--M. Lynn Rose, American Historical Review "This is not the type of book one can read in a single sitting; rather, it is a work one will want to study, reread, and revisit over a period of time. It will no doubt become a point of reference for anyone interested in the body in the ancient world."--Laurence Totelin, Isis "This is a splendid book, deeply researched and meticulously executed; it is also compact, complex, and defiant of efforts to summarize."--Ann Ellis Hanson, New England Classical Journal "The book is a remarkable example of scholarship, and ought to be welcomed by ancient philosophers, particularly those who work in moral psychology and embodiment."--Aaron James Landry, Philosophy in Review "[A]mbitious and compelling... [R]ichly provocative."--Joel Alden Schlosser, Foucault Studies "Holmes has written a wide-ranging and thorough book on the emergence of the concept of the body as a physical object in Ancient Greece. The primary and secondary sources consulted are extensive ... making this work most useful for a scholar already knowledgeable in the body soul argument. The language used and the concepts raised make for intense reading at times, but this book provides a systematic analysis of the concept of the body, a frequently ignored part of a significant Greek belief: the body-soul dichotomy."--Miriam Bissett, Prudentia Offprint "Holmes provides a timely new avenue for putting ancient medicine centrally on the map of classical Greek thought... Specialists in ancient medicine should be glad to have such an articulate and intelligent advocate trying not only to bridge the gaps among subfields of Hellenic studies but making connections to Foucault and the 'mind-body problem' that we have inherited ... from Plato and Descartes."--Susan H. Prince, Aestimatio "[I]t is a richly argued and instructive work... [I]ts value lies in its synthesis and breadth of the sources. The material Holmes has gathered, not only medical and philosophical, but also literary, backed by solid bibliographical reference throughout and presented through a thorough examination, is impressive, making the volume a stimulating read from a variety of perspectives."--Chiara Thumiger, Classical World

Brooke Holmes is assistant professor of classics at Princeton University.

Preface and Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xiii Note on Transliterations and Translations xxiii INTRODUCTION 1 Symptoms and Subjects 1 Seeing through Symptoms 9 The Physical Imagination 19 Rethinking S?ma and Psukh? 29 Telling Stories 37 CHAPTER ONE: Before the Physical Body 41 Daemonic Violence 48 The Seen and the Felt 58 The Boundaries of the Felt 64 Fear and the Visual Field of the Self 69 How Gods Act 73 The Seen Body and Social Agency 76 Interpreting Disease and Practices of Healing 79 CHAPTER TWO: The Inquiry into Nature and the Physical Imagination 84 Depersonalizing Causes 90 Natural Justice 95 Melissus and the Denial of Body 101 A Community of Objects 108 Bodies, Persons, Knowledge 116 CHAPTER THREE: Incorporating the Daemonic 121 Symptoms at the Th reshold of Seen and Unseen 126 The Interval 130 Explaining Disease 133 The Dynamics of the Cavity 138 The Automatic Body 142 CHAPTER FOUR: Signs of Life and Techniques of Taking Care 148 The Prognostic Symptom: Forces of Life and Death 150 Fragile Life 156 On Ancient Medicine and the Discovery of Human Nature 162 Embodiment, Knowledge, and Technical Agency 171 Taking Care 177 Shoring Up the Self 182 CHAPTER FIVE: Beyond the S?ma: Therapies of the Psukh? 192 Bodily Needs 196 Psychic Desires 202 Gorgias's Encomium to Helen and Human Diseases 211 Psychic Disorder in Democritus 216 CHAPTER SIX: Forces of Nature, Acts of Gods: Euripides' Symptoms 228 The Polysemy of the Symptom 233 Tragedy and the Interval 239 Euripides' Causes: Th e Madness of Heracles 242 Euripides' Causes: Th e Madness of Orestes 246 Realizing Disease in the Hippolytus 252 Daemonic Phusis 260 The Semantics of Suff ering 265 Conclusion 275 Bibliography 281 Index Locorum 325 General Index 349