IntroductionEditorial peer reviewPeer review of grant applicationsEditorial peer review: the state of the evidenceThe effectiveness of editorial peer reviewInnovationBias, subjectivity and chanceMisconduct and journal peer reviewPeer review and the pharmaceutical industrySmall journals and non-English language journalsHow to set up a peer review systemTrainingHow to peer review a scriptStatistical peer reviewPeer review of economic submissionsQualitative peer reviewEthical conduct in grant applications and manuscriptsConsumersAn author's guide to peer reviewPeer review on the internetThe use of systematic reviewsAlternatives to peer reviewSocratesThe futureAppendix AAppendix BAppendix C