Research Methods in Biomechanics

From how to understand and build concepts to new chapters on new techniques and research in the works, this provides a fine college-level analysis of the math and data collection systems behind biomechanics, and makes for a fine reference for any research interested in analyzing human movement. -- Midwest Book Review

D. Gordon E. Robertson, PhD, an emeritus professor and a fellow of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics, wrote Introduction to Biomechanics for Human Motion Analysis. He taught undergraduate- and graduate-level biomechanics at the University of Ottawa and previously at the University of British Columbia, Canada. He conducts research on human locomotion and athletic activities and authors the analogue data analysis software BioProc3. Graham E. Caldwell, PhD, an associate professor and a fellow of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics, teaches undergraduate- and graduate-level biomechanics at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and previously held a similar faculty position at the University of Maryland. He won the Canadian Society for Biomechanics New Investigator Award and in 1998 won the Outstanding Teacher Award for the School of Public Health and Health Sciences at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. He served as an associate editor for Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Joseph Hamill, PhD, is a professor and fellow of the Research Consortium, International Society of Biomechanics in Sports, Canadian Society for Biomechanics, American College of Sports Medicine, and National Academy of Kinesiology. He coauthored the popular undergraduate textbook Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement. He teaches undergraduate- and graduate-level biomechanics and is director of the Biomechanics Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. He serves on the editorial boards of several prestigious professional journals. He is adjunct professor at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and the University of Limerick in Ireland and a distinguished research professor at Republic Polytechnic in Singapore. Gary Kamen, PhD, is a professor and fellow of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance; American College of Sports Medicine; and National Academy of Kinesiology. He authored an undergraduate textbook on kinesiology, Foundations of Exercise Science, as well as a primer on electromyography, Essentials of Electromyography. He was president of the Research Consortium of AAPHERD and teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in exercise neuroscience and motor control in the department of kinesiology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Saunders (Sandy) N. Whittlesey, PhD, a graduate of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, is a self-employed technology consultant specializing in athletic training, sporting goods, and clinical applications. Additional Contributors Norma Coffey, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher in statistics at the National University of Ireland at Galway, has expertise is functional data analysis and worked extensively with the Biomechanics Research Unit at the University of Limerick. Her current area of research involves applying functional data analysis techniques to time-course gene expression data. Timothy R. Derrick, PhD, a professor in the department of kinesiology at Iowa State University, has an extensive background in signal processing and conducts research on impacts to the human body particularly from the ground during running activities. Kevin Deluzio, PhD, is a professor in the department of mechanical and materials engineering at Queen's UUniversity in Kingston, Canada, and held a similar position at Dalhousie University. He studies human locomotion to investigate the biomechanical factors of musculoskeletal diseases such as knee osteoarthritis. He is also interested in the design and evaluation of noninvasive therapies as well as surgical treatments such as total-knee replacement. Andrew (Drew) J. Harrison, PhD, is a senior lecturer in biomechanics in the department of physical education and sport sciences at the University of Limerick in Ireland and a fellow of the International Society for Biomechanics in Sport. He is the director of the Biomechanics Research Unit at the University of Limerick. His research fo

Part I. Kinematics Chapter 1. Planar Kinematics D. Gordon E. Robertson and Graham E. Caldwell Description of Position Degrees of Freedom Kinematic Data Collection Linear Kinematics Angular Kinematics Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 2. Three-Dimensional Kinematics Joseph Hamill, W. Scott Selbie, and Thomas M. Kepple Collection of Three-Dimensional Data Coordinate Systems and Assumption of Rigid Segments Transformations between Coordinate Systems Defining the Segment LCS for the Lower Extremity Pose Estimation: Tracking the Segment LCS Joint Angles Joint Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration of Cardan Joint Angles Summary Suggested Readings Part II. Kinetics Chapter 3. Body Segment Parameters D. Gordon E. Robertson Methods for Measuring and Estimating Body Segment Parameters Two-Dimensional (Planar) Computational Methods Three-Dimensional (Spatial) Computational Methods Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 4. Forces and Their Measurement Graham E. Caldwell, D. Gordon E. Robertson, and Saunders N. Whittlesey Force Newtons Laws Free-Body Diagrams Types of Forces Moment of Force, or Torque Linear Impulse and Momentum Angular Impulse and Momentum Measurement of Force Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 5. Two-Dimensional Inverse Dynamics Saunders N. Whittlesey and D. Gordon E. Robertson Planar Motion Analysis Numerical Formulation Human Joint Kinetics Applications Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 6. Energy, Work, and Power D. Gordon E. Robertson Energy, Work, and the Laws of Thermodynamics Conservation of Mechanical Energy Ergometry: Direct Methods Ergometry: Indirect Methods Mechanical Efficiency Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 7. Three-Dimensional Kinetics W. Scott Selbie, Joseph Hamill, and Thomas Kepple Segments and Link Models 3-D Inverse Dynamics Analysis Presentation of the Net Moment Data Joint Power Interpretation of Net Joint Moments Sources of Error in Three-Dimensional Calculations Summary Suggested Readings Part III. Muscles, Models, and Movement Chapter 8. Electromyographic Kinesiology Gary Kamen Physiological Origin of the Electromyographic Signal Recording and Acquiring the Electromyographic Signal Analyzing and Interpreting the Electromyographic Signal Applications for Electromyographic Techniques Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 9. Muscle Modeling Graham E. Caldwell The Hill Muscle Model Muscle-Specific Hill Models Beyond the Hill Model Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 10. Computer Simulation of Human Movement Saunders N. Whittlesey and Joseph Hamill Overview: Modeling As a Process Why Simulate Human Movement? General Procedure for Simulations Control Theory Limitations of Computer Models Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 11. Musculoskeletal Modeling Brian R. Umberger and Graham E. Caldwell Musculoskeletal Models Control Models Analysis Techniques Summary Suggested Readings Part IV. Further Analytical Procedures Chapter 12. Signal Processing Timothy R. Derrick and D. Gordon E. Robertson Characteristics of a Signal Fourier Transform Time-Dependent Fourier Transform Sampling Theorem Ensuring Circular Continuity Smoothing Data Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 13. Dynamical Systems Analysis of Coordination Richard E.A. van Emmerik, Ross H. Miller, and Joseph Hamill Movement Coordination Foundations for Coordination Analysis Quantifying Coordination: Relative Phase Methods Quantifying Coordination: Vector Coding Overview of Coordination Analysis Techniques Summary Suggested Readings Chapter 14. Analysis of Biomechanical Waveform Data Kevin J. Deluzio, Andrew J. Harrison, Norma Coffey, and Graham E. Caldwell Biomechanical Waveform Data Principal Component Analysis Functional Data Ana