Tourism in the Antarctic

Contents Foreword Acknowledgments Abbreviations and Acronyms Chapter 1. Introduction Tourism and the Environment Background to Antarctic Tourism Limitations Definitions Chapter Outlines Concluding Comments Chapter 2. Tourism Operations and Management in Remote Areas: The Galapagos Islands, Arctic Region, and Sub-Antarctic Islands Introduction Galapagos Islands Arctic Region Sub-Antarctic Island Concluding Comments Chapter 3. Antarctica: The Resource and the Industry Introduction: The Resource Antarctica Defined The Natural Environment: Geography, Wildlife, and Flora Human Involvement in Antarctica Antarctica in the Context of International Law Conventions, Protocols, and Recommendations Under the Antarctic Treaty System Antarctic Resource Use Scientific Stations Concluding Comments Chapter 4. Antarctic Tourism: Development, Operation, and Management Introduction Tourism Definitions Antarctic Tourists The Antarctic Tour Cycle Tourist Attractions Antarctic Tourist Sites History of Antarctic Tourism Antarctic Tourism Products Ship-Based Tourism Aviation Land-Based Tourism Private Expeditions Management and Regulation of Commercial Antarctic Tourism Concluding Comment Chapter 5. The Impacts of Commercial Antarctic Tourism Antarctic Tourism Activities in Perspective Environmental Impacts of Antarctic Tourism in the Academic Literature Environmental Impacts of Antarctic Tourism in the Popular Press Observations of the Impact of Antarctic Tourism Activities Concluding Comments Chapter 6. Antarctic Tourists: Motivations, Expectations, and Images of Antarctica As a Tourist Destination Visitor Profiles in the Literature Background of the Visitor Surveys Analysis of Shipborne Tourist Responses Prior to Landing in Antarctica Analysis of Shipborne Antarctic Tourist Responses After Visiting the Antarctic Characteristics of Overflight Passengers and Their Images and Attitudes Toward Antarctica As a Tourist Destination Comparative Perceptual Images of Antarctic Visitors Concluding Comments Chapter 7. The Future of Antarctic Tourism Background to the Delphi Method The Delphi Technique Applied to Tourism Method and Panel Selection Legitimacy and Preferred Present Types of Tourism in the Antarctic The Future of Commercial Tourism in Antarctica and Its Impacts Other Types of Future Tourism Activities in Antarctica Future Developments in Antarctic Tourism Concluding Comments Chapter 8. Observations on the Operation of Tourism in Antarctica Sea-Borne Tourism in the Antarctic Peninsula Sea-Borne Tourism in the Ross Sea Operational Issues Observation of Antarctic Overflights Conclusion Opportunities for Future Research Bibliography Index Reference Notes Included