Upgrading and Repairing PCs

Scott Mueller is the president of Mueller Technical Research (MTR), an international research and corporate training firm. Since 1982, MTR has produced the industry s most in-depth, accurate, and effective seminars, books, articles, videos, and FAQs covering PC hardware and data recovery. MTR maintains a client list that includes Fortune 500 companies, U.S. and foreign governments, major software and hardware corporations, as well as PC enthusiasts and entrepreneurs. Scott s seminars have been presented to several thousands of PC support professionals throughout the world. Scott personally teaches seminars nationwide covering all aspects of PC hardware (including troubleshooting, maintenance, repair, and upgrade), A+ Certification, and data recovery/forensics. He has a knack for making technical topics not only understandable, but entertaining; his classes are never boring! If you have ten or more people to train, Scott can design and present a custom seminar for your organization. Although he has taught classes virtually nonstop since 1982, Scott is best known as the author of the longest-running, most popular, and most comprehensive PC hardware book in the world, "Upgrading and Repairing PCs," which has become the core of an entire series of books, including "Upgrading and Repairing PCs," "Upgrading and Repairing Laptops," and "Upgrading and Repairing Windows." Scott s premiere work, "Upgrading and Repairing PCs," has sold more than two million copies, making it by far the most popular and longest-running PC hardware book on the market today. Scott has been featured in "Forbes "magazine and has written several articles for "PC World "magazine, "Maximum PC "magazine, the Scott Mueller Forum, various computer and automotive newsletters, and the "Upgrading and Repairing PCs "website. Contact MTR directly if you have a unique book, article, or video project in mind or if you want Scott to conduct a custom PC troubleshooting, repair, maintenance, upgrade, or data-recovery seminar tailored for your organization: Mueller Technical Research: Web: www.muellertech.com Email: info@muellertech.com Forum: www.forum.scottmueller.com Scott has a forum exclusively for his readers at www.forum.scottmueller.com. Anybody can view the forum, but posting is available only to registered members. If you have suggestions or comments about the book or new book or article topics you would like to see covered, send them to info@muellertech.com."

Introduction1

Chapter 1 Development of the PC5

Computer History: Before Personal Computers5

  Timeline5

  Electronic Computers10

Modern Computers11

  From Tubes to Transistors11

  Integrated Circuits14

History of the PC15

  Birth of the Personal Computer15

  The IBM Personal Computer16

  The PC Industry 34 Years Later17

Chapter 2 PC Components, Features, and System Design21

What Is a PC?21

  Who Controls PC Software?23

  Who Controls PC Hardware?26

  White-Box Systems28

System Types29

System Components30

Chapter 3 Processor Types and Specifications33

Microprocessor History33

  The First Microprocessor33

  PC Processor Evolution36

  16-Bit to 64-Bit Architecture Evolution39

Processor Specifications40

  Data I/O Bus48

  Address Bus48

  Internal Registers (Internal Data Bus)49

  Processor Modes49

  Processor Benchmarks54

  Comparing Processor Performance55

  Cache Memory58

Processor Features65

  System Management Mode65

  Superscalar Execution66

  MMX Technology67

  Dynamic Execution69

  Dual Independent Bus Architecture70

  HT Technology (Hyperthreading)70

  Multicore Technology72

  Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Support73

Processor Manufacturing74

  PGA Chip Packaging78

  Single Edge Contact and Single Edge Processor Packaging80

Processor Socket and Slot Types81

  Socket LGA77584

  Socket LGA115685

  Socket LGA136686

  Socket LGA115587

  Socket LGA201187

  Socket LGA115089

  Socket AM2/AM2+/AM3/AM3+89

  Socket F (1207FX)91

  Socket FM192

  Socket FM292

  Socket FM2+92

  Socket AM1 (Socket FS1B)92

CPU Operating Voltages93

Math Coprocessors (Floating-Point Units)94

Processor Bugs and Steppings94

Processor Code Names95

P1 (086) Processors95

P2 (286) Processors97

P3 (386) Processors98

P4 (486) Processors99

P5 (586) Processors100

  AMD-K5102

Intel P6 (686) Processors103

  Pentium Pro Processors103

  Pentium II Processors104

  Pentium III106

  Celeron107

Intel Pentium 4 and Extreme Edition Processors108

  Intel Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition110

Intel Core Processors112

  Intel Core 2 Family112

  Intel (Nehalem) Core i Processors116

AMD K6 Processors121

AMD K7 Processors122

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