Bronzes to Bullets

"This study, a reworked Ph.D. thesis, contains much that will be of interest to teachers of modern French politics, art history, and culture in general, for the removal of bronze statuary to provide raw materials for the German war machine incidentally erased the physical aids to the memory of France's glorious past . . . The book is usefully illustrated with numerous reproductions of postcards from the author's own collection as well as with archival photos and those taken by Freeman." -- Derk Visser * <I>French Review</I> * "Bronzes into Bullets builds upon impressive archival research, much of it conducted in French provincial archives. Freeman advances a number of compelling arguments: about the role of Vichy officials in the destruction of public statuary; the lack of concern for the statues among many Parisians; French regionalism in the 1940s; how political rather than aesthetic considerations provided the main criterion for saving statues, and more. The photographs constitute a kind of visual evidence that is central to the discussion, and the book that emerges is a very handsome one." -- Jonathan Petropoulos, Center for the Study of the Holocaust, Genocide, and Human Rights * Claremont McKenna College * "Scrupulously researched book." -- Richard Vinen * <I>American Historical Review</I> * "Kirrily Freeman's book is very readable, clear, and concise, and is an important addition to the literature on Vichy's economic and political policies; most significantly, it adds to the story of public opinion towards Vichy, and demonstrates that for most of France, the years of the war are best characterized neither as revolutionary nor as black, but as 'grey'." -- David A. Messenger * <I>Canadian Journal of History</i> * "Kirrily Freeman's Bronzes into Bullets makes important and original contributions to a number of fields: memory studies, cultural history, political and economic history, and the history of fine art. An original and sophisticated book, it provides a highly valuable reassessment of Vichy practices versus discourses, a fascinating investigation into the history of amnesias, and a window into the dynamics of collaboration, opposition, and compromise." -- Eric Jennings * University of Toronto *

Kirrily Freeman is Assistant Professor of History at Saint Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Part I The Economics of Exploitation 2 "An Important Source of Metal": The Context of Vichy's Metal "Mobilization" 10 3 "The Union of Art and Industry": Vichy's Bronze Mobilization Campaign 47 Part II The Politics of Patrimony "4 "The Expression of Us All, Young and Old": Public Perceptions of the Bronze Mobilization Campaign 90 "5 "Pedestals Dedicated to Absence": The Symbolic Impact of the Bronze Mobilization Campaign 138 6 Conclusion: "The 'Saint-Bartholomew' of Statues"? The Bronze Mobilization Campaign in French Memory and Historiography 171 Notes 191 Bibliography 233