A report prepared for the Directorate-General for Industrial and Technological Affairs and for the Environment and Consumer Protection Service of the European Communities by l'Association Europeenne Oceanique
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Köp båda 2 för 1007 kr1 - Principal Reasons for the Present Study and Choice of its Objectives.- 1.1 The problem of industrial metal waste disposal into the marine environment.- 1.2 Definition of the terms of reference of the study.- a. Specific subjects.- b. General scope.- 1.3 Criteria used for the selection of metals and metal complexes studied.- a. Nature and intensity of the problem.- b. Occurrence, degree and forms.- c. Estimated future industrial uses of the metals and metal complexes up to the year 1980.- 1.4 Some comments on the reasons for excluding certain metals.- a. Mercury.- b. Lead.- c. Arsenic.- d. Fluorine compounds.- e. Silicon.- 2 - Origins, Forms and Characteristics of Chromium Pollution.- 2.1 Sources and production.- a. Types of minerals.- b. Production of metal and metal compounds.- 2.2 A summary of production and utilization.- a. Production.- b. Consumption.- c. Utilization.- 2.3 Some applications.- a. Metallurgical uses.- b. Chemical production.- c. Refractory industries.- 2.4 An initial examination of the qualitative and quantitive wastes produced by various industrial processes discussed previously.- a. Production losses.- b. Losses in cleaning operations in the production of special chromium steels and more specifically, stainless and refractory steels.- c. Losses on utilization.- d. Other sources of losses to the environment.- 2.5 An examination of various known preventative techniques for waste products containing chromium.- a. Hexavalent chrome (CrVI).- b. Trivalent chrome (CrlIII).- c. Industrial examples.- d. General economic information on the treatment of chromium containing effluents.- 3 - Origins, Forms and Characteristics of Zinc and Cadmium Pollution.- 3.1 Sources and production.- a. Types of minerals.- b. Production of the metal and metal derivatives.- 3.2 Summary of production and utilization.- a. Zinc industry.- b. Cadmium industry.- 3.3 Utilization.- a. Zinc.- b. Cadmium.- 3.4 A preliminary discussion on the qualitative and quantitative waste products produced by various industries.- a. Zinc.- b. Cadmium.- 3.5 Summary of the preventative techniques known for effluents containing zinc and/or cadmium.- a. Zinc.- b. Cadmium.- 4 - Origins, Forms and Characteristics of Pollution by Cyano-Metal Compounds.- 4.1 Summary of large-scale methods of production of cyanides and cyano-metal compounds.- a. Hydrocyanic acid - HCN.- b. Alkaline cyanides.- c. Calcium cyanides.- d. Other cyano-metallic compounds.- 4.2 Main industrial sectors concerned in the uses of cyanides and cyano-metallic compounds.- a. Electroplating.- b. Mining industry.- c. Metallurgy.- d. Synthetic fibre industry.- e. Other sectors.- 4.3 Census of various known prevention techniques for effluents containing cyanides and cyano-metal compounds.- a. General.- b. Destruction procedure by chlorine (hypochlorite or chlorine gas).- c. Treatment with peroxides.- d. Electrolytic oxidation.- e. Catalytic oxidation.- f. Ozone oxidation.- g. E.I. Dupont process (Nemours).- h. Other complementary methods of treatment.- i. Some general economic data on the treatment of cyanide containing effluents.- 5 - Measuring and Monitoring Systems of the Different Known forms of Pollution for the Polluting Elements or Compounds Concerned.- 5.1 Water quality.- a. General aspects.- b. Toxicology of water.- 5.2 Parameters of interest to water quality.- a. Physical parameters.- b. Standard chemical parameters.- c. Oxygen balance.- d. Eutrophication parameters.- e. Odorous compounds.- f. Mineral oils and phenols.- g. Trace metals and organic micro-pollutants.- 5.3 Monitoring systems.- a. General aspects.- b. Characteristics of monitoring systems.- c. Manual and automatic systems.- d. Stations for automatic systems.- 5.4 Analytical techniques.- a. Methods for water analysis.- b. General comments concerning sea water in particular.- c. Method of analysis for chrome.- d. Methods of analysis for zinc and cadmium.- e. Methods of analysis for cyanide and cyano-compounds.- 5.5 General eco