Clinical Cellular Immunology

1 The T Cell Antigen Receptor: Structural and Functional Considerations.- 1. Overview.- 2. Functional and Physical Analysis of T Cell Antigen-Specific Receptors.- 2.1. Functional Studies.- 2.2. Direct Physical Measurements.- 2.3 Conclusions.- 3. Serological and Biochemical Analysis of T Cell Antigen-Specific Receptors.- 3.1. Serological Approaches.- 3.2. Ability of Anti-Idiotypic Reagents to Induce Functional T Cell Populations.- 3.3. Additional Molecular Analysis of the T Cell Receptor Structure.- 3.4. T Cell Hybridomas as an Approach to Studying the T Cell Receptor Structure.- 3.5. Conclusions.- 4. Physiologic Constraints in the Recognition Function of the T Cell Antigen Receptor.- 4.1. General Antigen Processing Cell (APC) Requirements.- 4.2. APC Antigen Processing.- 4.3. APC-T Cell Interaction Structures.- 4.4. Conclusions.- 5. Cytotoxic T Cell Ligand-Binding Sites are Critically Affected by Recognition Structures on Other Cells.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Ligand-Histocompatibility-Antigen Display.- 5.3. Molecular Relationships and Models of Interaction Structures.- 5.4. Conclusions.- 6. Summary.- References.- 2 Regulation of the Immune Response.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ir Genes in Guinea Pigs.- 2.1. The PLL Gene.- 2.2. PLL Gene Control of T Cell Responses.- 2.3. The Role of MHC Products in the PLL Response.- 3. The Ir-1 Gene.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. (T,G)-A -L and Ir Gene Control.- 3.3. Ir-1 Control of T Cell Responses.- 3.4. Mechanisms of Ir-1 Gene Control.- 3.5. Characteristics of the Ir-1 Gene.- 4. Genetic Control of Immune Responsiveness to Staphylococcal Nuclease.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Staphylococcal Nuclease Molecule.- 4.3. Ir-Nase.- 4.4. T Cell Responses to Nuclease Controlled by Ir-Nase.- 4.5. Anti-Idiotype Antibodies and Ir-Nase.- 4.6. At Least Three Genes Control Immune Response to Nuclease.- 5. Ia Antigens.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Anti-Ia Antisera and Ir-Gene-Controlled Responses.- 6. Complementing Ir Genes.- 6.1. GL-Phenyl Ir Genes (? and ?).- 6.2. Anti-Ia Antisera and GL-Phenyl ? and ? Genes.- 6.3. Cells Involved in Ir-Gene-Controlled Response.- 7. Immunosuppressor Genes.- 7.1. GAT Is Genes.- 7.2. Complementing Is Genes.- 8. Genetic Control of Cellular Immune Responses.- 8.1. Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions.- 8.2. Cytotoxic T Cell Responses.- 9. Human Immune-Response Genes.- 9.1. Antigen-Specific Helper Factors in Humans.- 9.2. Cytotoxic T Cell Responses in Humans.- 10. An Hypothesis to Explain the Interrelationship Among Ir Genes, Ia Antigens, and MLR-Stimulating Determinants.- 11. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Immunosuppressive Agents: A Conceptual Overview of Their Action on Inductive and Regulatory Pathways.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Inductive and Regulatory Aspects of Immune Responses: Current Concepts.- 3. Classes and Subclasses of Lymphocytes and Their Functions.- 4. Antibody Responses to Thymus-Independent and Thymus-Dependent Antigens.- 4.1. T-Independent Responses.- 4.2. The Heterogeneity of B Cells.- 4.3. T-Dependent Responses.- 4.4. Modes of Help and the Heterogeneity of TH Cells.- 5. Inductive and Regulatory Functions: Antigens, Cells, Cognitive and Regulating Molecules, and Networks.- 5.1. Recapitulation and Projections.- 5.2. LAF and TCGF Promote T Cell Proliferation and Function.- 5.3. The Role of Antigens.- 5.4. Genes Regulating Immune Responses, Macrophages, and Antigen Presentation.- 5.5. Inductive and Regulatory Networks and Circuits.- 6. A Closer Look at Induction and Regulation of Cell-Mediated Immunity.- 6.1. General Considerations.- 6.2. CMI, Though Sovereign, Is Not Entirely Free of Antibody Influence. The Inverse Relationship of DTH and Antibody.- 6.3. DTH-Induction and Regulation As An Example of CMI/Antibody Interplay Under Control of Dose and Route of Antigen.- 6.4. Contact Sensitivity (CS) Provides New Clues to Immune Induction and Regulation.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 4 Immunosuppressive Agents-Their Action on Inductive and Regulatory Pathways: The Differential Effects of Ag