The State Tradition in Western Europe

Kenneth Dyson was born in Scarborough, UK, and since 2003 has been Research Professor in the School of European Studies at Cardiff University, Wales. He was appointed Professor of European Studies at the University of Bradford in 1982. He has been Visiting Professor at Konstanz University, Germany, and DAAD Distinguished Visiting Professor at the Free University of Berlin. A founding member and early chair of the Association for the Study of German Politics, Kenneth Dyson also served as founder and chair of the Standing Conference of Heads of European Studies. He was twice chair of the UK Research Assessment Exercise Panel in European Studies. In addition to being a Fellow of the British Academy, he is an Academician of the Learned Society of the Social Sciences and a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. He is also a founding fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. Kenneth Dyson is the author of numerous solo-authored and edited books in comparative European public policy, especially economic policies, in EU studies and in German political studies. Most recently, they include: Elusive Union (1994); The Road to Maastricht (1999, with Kevin Featherstone, voted academic book of the year in 'Choice'); The Politics of the Euro Zone (2000); European States and the Euro (2002); Germany, Europe and the Politics of Constraint (2003, with Klaus Goetz); The Euro at Ten (2008); and Central Banks in the Age of the Euro (2009, with Martin Marcussen). In 2010 he published the two volumes (with Lucia Quaglia) on European Economic Governance and Policies: Commentary on Key Documents, and (with Angelos Sepos) Which Europe? The Politics of Differentiated Integration. He was awarded the German Federal Service Cross (First Class) for services to Anglo-German relations.

contents New Introduction to the ECPR Press Edition by Kenneth Dyson vii Preface xlv Introduction: The State as Idea and Institution 1 PART I THE HISTORICAL TRADITION OF THE STATE Chapter 1: The Origins of the State 25 The Birth of the Modern State 28 The Characteristics of the Modern State: The Continental European Perspective 33 England: An Aberrant Case 36 Chapter 2: The State as a Socio-cultural Phenomenon 48 The Concepts of State and Society 51 The Crisis-of-Modernity Polity 58 From Feudal to Clientelist Polity 60 The Balanced Parliamentary and Dual Polities 62 Adversary, Authoritarian Corporatist and Accommodative Polities 66 Conclusions 71 PART II THE INTELLECTUAL TRADITION OF THE STATE Chapter 3: The State and the Intellectuals: Some General Considerations 81 Academic Patrons and Coteries 83 State as Organizing and Integrating Concept 93 Chapter 4: Three Conceptions of the State: Might, Law and Legitimacy 101 The State as Might 101 The State as Law 107 The State as Legitimacy 117 vi contents Chapter 5: The Historical Development of Theories of the State 135 Society as an Hierarchical Order 139 The Individualistic Conception of Society 140 Society as Community 143 The Idea of the State and Academic Self-Interest 150 Chapter 6: A Comparison of Theories of the State in France and Germany 155 Intellectual Tradition: Similarities and Cross-Fertilization 157 Intellectual Tradition: Divergence 161 The Debate about Methodology and Political Science 174 Chapter 7: The Word State in the British Intellectual Tradition 186 State and Political Science: After Idealism and Pluralism 196 State and Philosophy 199 PART III STATE AS AN IDEAL TYPE AND AS A `PROBLEM-DEFINING' CONCEPT Chapter 8: State as a Tool of Analysis 205 State as a Generalizing, Integrating and Legitimating Concept 208 The Idea of the State and Depersonalized Power: The Case of Fascism 214 The Idea of the State: Institution and Purpose 222 The Analytical Distinction between State and Civil Society: Marxism and the Idea of the State 228 The Idea of the State as a Socio-cultural Phenomenon 243 Chapter 9: The Idea of the State and Democracy 252 State as a Problem-Creating Concept 254 State as a Problem-Solving Concept 270 Epilogue: The End of the Idea of the State? 282 Bibliography 288 Index of Names 301 Index of Subjects 307