Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury

David K. Stevenson is the Harold K. Faber Professor of Pediatrics and has held numerous leadership roles at Stanford University School of Medicine, California. He is currently the Senior Associate Dean for Maternal and Child Health, the Director of the Charles B. and Ann L. Johnson Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Services, the Co-Director of the Stanford Child Health Research Institute, and the Leader of Spectrum Child Health at Stanford University. Dr Stevenson has received many awards, including the Virginia Apgar Award, which is the highest award in Perinatal Pediatrics, and the Jonas Salk Award for Leadership in Prematurity Prevention from the March of Dimes Foundation. In recognition of his achievements, Dr Stevenson is a member of the National Academy of Medicine. He has served as the President of the American Pediatric Society and was co-founder of the California Association of Neonatologists (CAN) and the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC). Dr Stevenson has published over 540 articles on a wide range of scientific topics in neonatal-perinatal medicine. He is also the editor of several other textbooks, including the first edition of Neonatology: Clinical Practice and Procedures (2015), and numerous chapters in most of the major textbooks on neonatology. William E. Benitz is a clinical investigator whose work centers on evidence assessment and decision analysis. Much of his work has related to early diagnosis, management, and prevention of neonatal infections, including a definitive assessment of C-reactive protein measurements in management of neonates with suspected sepsis and a decision analysis supporting recommendations for prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal sepsis. Other projects include evaluations of the efficacy of surfactant in congenital diaphragmatic hernia, the role of ancillary tests in diagnosis of candidal sepsis, and analyses of rapid tests for maternal group B streptococcal colonization. His analysis showing that routine early treatment to close the persistently patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants does not improve outcomes for those infants has changed practice worldwide. The unifying thread within these studies is rigorous application of quantitative methods to assessment of evidence for practice, informed by an intimate familiarity with the practice of neonatal medicine, outstanding clinical expertise, and a well-honed habit of critical thinking. Dr Benitz has served as member and chair of the American Board of Pediatrics Sub-Board of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and on the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs and Committee on the Fetus and Newborn. Philip Sunshine's primary interests are in the areas of neonatal nutrition and developmental gastroenterology. The use of parenteral nutrition in very low birth weight infants, and the introduction of early enteral feeding to stimulate gastrointestinal maturation are specific areas of his investigative endeavors. In a car...

Part I. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pathogenesis of Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury: 1. Neonatal encephalopathy: epidemiology and overview; 2. Neuronal cell death mechanisms relevant to humans: rethinking modeling neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; 3. Cellular and molecular biology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; 4. The pathogenesis of preterm brain injury; Part II. Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery Complications Causing Brain Injury: 5. Prematurity and complications of labor and delivery; 6. Risks and complications of multiple gestation; 7. Intrauterine growth restriction; 8. Maternal diseases that affect fetal and neonatal neurodevelopment; 9. Obstetrical conditions and practices that affect the fetus and newborn; 10. Fetal and neonatal injury as a consequence of maternal substance abuse; 11. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; 12. Complications of labour and delivery; 13. Fetal responses to asphyxia; 14. Antepartum evaluation of fetal well-being; 15. Intrapartum evaluation of the fetus; Part III. Diagnosis of the Infant with Brain Injury: 16. Clinical manifestations of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; 17. The use of EEG and aEEG in assessing the term and preterm brain; 18. Neuroimaging in the evaluation of pattern and timing of fetal and neonatal brain abnormalities; 19. Light-based assessment of the brain; 20. Placental pathology and the etiology of fetal and neonatal brain injury; 21. Timing perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury; Part IV. Specific Conditions Associated with Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury: 22. Congenital malformations of the brain; 23. Neurogenetic disorders of the brain; 24. Hemorrhagic lesions of the central nervous system; 25. Neonatal stroke; 26. Neurodevelopmental consequences of neonatal hypoglycemia; 27. Hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus; 28. Polycythemia and fetal-maternal bleeding; 29. Hydrops fetalis; 30. Bacterial sepsis in the neonate; 31. Neonatal bacterial meningitis; 32. Neurological sequelae of congenital and perinatal infections; 33. Neurological complications of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection; 34. Inborn errors of metabolism and single gene disorders with features of neonatal encephalopathy; 35. Acidosis and alkalosis; 36. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; 37. Pediatric cardiac surgery: relevance to fetal and neonatal brain injury; 38. Neonatal resuscitation: immediate management; 39. Improving performance, reducing error, and minimizing risk in the delivery room; 40. Extended management following resuscitation; 41. Endogenous and exogenous neuroprotective mechanisms after hypoxic-ischemic injury; 42. Neonatal seizures: evaluation, treatment, and prognosis; 43. Nutritional support of the asphyxiated infant; 44. Early outcomes after extremely preterm birth; 45. Cerebral palsy: advances in definition, classification, management and outcome; 46. Neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral outcomes of prematurity: cognition, language, academic skills, and behavior...