Microwave Circuit Design Using Linear and Nonlinear Techniques

George D. Vendelin is Adjunct Professor at Stanford, Santa Clara, and San Jose State Universities, as well as UC-Berkeley-Extension. He is a Fellow of the IEEE and has over 40 years of microwave engineering design and teaching experience. Anthony M. Pavio, PhD, is Manager of the Phoenix Design Center for Rockwell Collins. He is a Fellow of the IEEE and was previously Manager at the Integrated RF Ceramics Center for Motorola Labs. Ulrich L. Rohde is a Professor of Technical Informatics, University of the Joint Armed Forces, in Munich, Germany; a member of the staff of other universities world-wide; partner of Rohde & Schwarz, Munich; and Chairman of the Board of Synergy Microwave Corporation. He is the author of two editions of Microwave and Wireless Synthesizers: Theory and Design. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Rudolph is Ulrich L. Rohde Professor for RF and Microwave Techniques at Brandenburg University of Technology in Cottbus, Germany and heads the low-noise components lab at the Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut fuer Hoechstfrequenztechnik in Berlin.

Foreword xvii Preface To The Third Edition xix 1 RF/Microwave Systems 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Maxwells Equations 11 1.3 Frequency Bands, Modes, and Waveforms of Operation 13 1.4 Analog and Digital Signals 15 1.5 Elementary Functions 26 1.6 Basic RF Transmitters and Receivers 32 1.7 RF Wireless/Microwave/Millimeter Wave Applications 34 1.8 Modern CAD for Nonlinear Circuit Analysis 37 1.9 Dynamic Load Line 38 References 39 Bibliography 40 Problems 41 2 Lumped and Distributed Elements 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Transition from RF to Microwave Circuits 43 2.3 Parasitic Effects on Lumped Elements 46 2.4 Distributed Elements 53 2.5 Hybrid Element: Helical Coil 54 References 55 Bibliography 57 Problems 57 3 Active Devices 59 3.1 Introduction 59 3.2 Diodes 60 3.2.1 Large-Signal Diode Model 61 3.2.2 Mixer and Detector Diodes 65 3.2.3 Parameter Trade-Offs 70 3.2.4 Mixer Diodes 72 3.2.5 PIN Diodes 73 3.2.6 Tuning Diodes 84 3.2.7 Q Factor or Diode Loss 94 3.2.8 Diode Problems 99 3.2.9 Diode-Tuned Resonant Circuits 105 3.3 Microwave Transistors 110 3.3.1 Transistor Classification 110 3.3.2 Bipolar Transistor Basics 113 3.3.3 GaAs and InP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors 127 3.3.4 SiGe HBTs 141 3.3.5 Field-Effect Transistor Basics 147 3.3.6 GaN, GaAs, and InP HEMTs 158 3.3.7 MOSFETs 165 3.3.8 Packaged Transistors 182 3.4 Example: Selecting Transistor and Bias for Low-Noise Amplification 186 3.5 Example: Selecting Transistor and Bias for Oscillator Design 191 3.6 Example: Selecting Transistor and Bias for Power Amplification 194 3.6.1 Biasing HEMTs 196 3.6.2 Biasing HBTs 198 References 200 Bibliography 203 Problems 204 4 Two-Port Networks 205 4.1 Introduction 205 4.2 Two-Port Parameters 206 4.3 S Parameters 216 4.4 S Parameters from SPICE Analysis 216 4.5 Mason Graphs 217 4.6 Stability 221 4.7 Power Gains, Voltage Gain, and Current Gain 223 4.7.1 Power Gain 223 4.7.2 Voltage Gain and Current Gain 229 4.7.3 Current Gain 230 4.8 Three-Ports 231 4.9 Derivation of Transducer Power Gain 234 4.10 Differential S Parameters 236 4.10.1 Measurements 239 4.10.2 Example 239 4.11 Twisted-Wire Pair Lines 240 4.12 Low-Noise and High-Power Amplifier Design 242 4.13 Low-Noise Amplifier Design Examples 245 References 254 Bibliography 255 Problems 255 5 Impedance Matching 261 5.1 Introduction 261 5.2 Smith Charts and Matching 261 5.3 Impedance Matching Networks 269 5.4 Single-Element Matching 269 5.5 Two-Element Matching 271 5.6 Matching Networks Using Lumped Elements 272 5.7 Matching Networks Using Distributed Elements 273 5.7.1 Twisted-Wire Pair Transformers 273 5.7.2 Transmission Line Transformers 274 5.7.3 Tapered Transmission Lines 276 5.8 Bandwidth Constraints for Matching Networks 277 References 287 BIBLIOGRAPHY 288 PROBLEMS 288 6 Microwave Filters 294 6.1 Introduction 294 6.2 Low-Pass Prototype Filter Design 295 6.2.1 Butterworth Response 295 6.2.2 Chebyshev Response 297 6.3 Transformations 302 6.3.1 Low-Pass Filters: Frequency and Impedance Scaling 302 6.3.2 High-Pass Filters 302 6.3.3 Bandpass Filters 304 6.3.4 Narrow-Band Bandpass Filters 306 6.3.5 Band-Stop Filters 309 6.4 Transmission Line Filters 312 6.4.1 Semilumped Low-Pass Filters 315 6.4.2 Richards Transformation 318 6.5 Exact Designs and CAD Tools 325 6.6 Real-Life Filters 326 6.6.1 Lumped Elements 326 6.6.2 Transmission Line Elements 327 6.6.3 Cavity Resonators 327 6.6.4 Coaxial Dielectric Resonators 327 6.6.5 Thin-Film Bulk-Wave Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) 327 References 330 Bibliography 330 Problems 330 7 Noise In Linear and Nonlinear Two-Ports 332 7.1 Introduction 332 7.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 334 7.3 Noise Figure Measurements 336 7.4 Noise Parameters and Noise Correlation Matrix 338 7.4.1 Correlation Matrix 338 7.4.2 Method of Combining Two-Port M