Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Polymers

"The information provided in this book should be of great interest and value to surface and chemical engineers as well as R&D, manufacturing, and quality control personnel in a host of industries and technological areas such as printing, textile, adhesive bonding, packaging, automotive, aerospace, composites, microfluidics, biomedical, paint, microelectronics, and nanotechnology." (Materials and Corrosion, 1 August 2013)

Michael Thomas is the head of the Department of Atmospheric Pressure Processes at the Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films (IST), Germany, and has more than 15 years' experience in surface technology. Trained as a chemist, his work is focused on fundamental and industrial projects of surface treatment and coatings in the area of plasma processes at atmospheric pressure, with specific interest in adhesion using dielectric barrier discharge and microplasma-based processes. He has published more than 30 technical papers and professional articles and holds 10 patents on the topic of atmospheric pressure plasma technology. Kashmiri Lal Mittal was employed by the IBM Corporation from 1972 through 1993. Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. He has received numerous awards and honors including the title of doctor honoris causa from Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland. He is the editor of more than 110 volumes dealing with adhesion measurement, adhesion of polymeric coatings, polymer surfaces, adhesive joints, adhesion promoters, thin films, polyimides, surface modification, surface cleaning, and surfactants.

Preface xiii Acknowledgements xvii Part 1: Fundamental Aspects 1 1 Combinatorial Plasma-based Surface Modifi cation of Polymers by Means of Plasma Printing with Gas-Carrying Plasma Stamps at Ambient Pressure 3 Alena Hinze, Andrew Marchesseault, Stephanus Buttgenbach, Michael Thomas and Claus-Peter Klages 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Experimental 7 1.3 Results and Discussion 18 1.4 Conclusions 23 Acknowledgements 23 References 24 2 Treatment of Polymer Surfaces with Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas 27 Marcel Simor and Yves Creyghton 2.1 Introduction 28 2.2 A General Overview of Surface Modification Results Obtained with Surface DBDs 32 2.3 An Overview of Selected Results Obtained at TNO by the SBD 41 2.4 Conclusions 73 References 74 3 Selective Surface Modification of Polymeric Materials by Atmospheric-Pressure Plasmas: Selective Substitution Reactions on Polymer Surfaces by Different Plasmas 83 Norihiro Inagaki 3.1 Introduction 84 3.2 Defl uorination of Poly(tetrafl uoroethylene) Surfaces 86 3.3 Selective Modifi cation of Polymeric Surfaces by Plasma 102 3.4 Summary 120 References 121 4 Permanence of Functional Groups at Polyolefi n Surfaces Introduced by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Pretreatment in Presence of Aerosols 131 R. Mix, J. F. Friedrich and N. Inagaki 4.1 Introduction 131 4.2 Experimental 135 4.3 Results 137 4.4 Discussion 151 4.5 Summary 153 Acknowlegdements 153 References 153 5 Achieving Nano-scale Surface Structure on Wool Fabric by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment 157 C.W. Kan, W.Y.I. Tsoi, C.W.M. Yuen, T.M. Choi and T.B. Tang 5.1 Introduction 158 5.2 Experimental 159 5.3 Results and Discussion 160 5.4 Conclusions 171 Acknowledgements 171 References 172 6 Deposition of Nanosilica Coatings on Plasma Activated Polyethylene Films 175 D. D. Pappas, A. A. Bujanda, J. A. Orlicki, J. D. Demaree, J. K. Hirvonen, R. E. Jensen and S. H. McKnight 6.1 Introduction 175 6.2 Experimental 177 6.3 Results and Discussion 179 6.4 Conclusions 194 Acknowledgement 194 References 195 7 Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Polymers for Biomedical Applications 199 N. Gomathi, A. K. Chanda and S. Neogi 7.1 Introduction 199 7.2 Plasma for Materials Processing 200 7.3 Atmospheric Plasma Sources 202 7.4 Effects of Plasma on Polymer Surface 206 7.5 Atmospheric Plasma in Biomedical Applications 208 7.6 Conclusion 212 References 212 Part 2 Adhesion Enhancement 217 8 Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization Surface Treatments by Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Enhanced Polymer-Polymer and Metal-Polymer Adhesion 219 Maryline Moreno-Couranjou, Nicolas D. Boscher, David Duday, Remy Maurau, Elodie Lecoq and Patrick Choquet 8.1 Introduction 220 8.2 Atmospheric Plasma Polymerization Processes 221 8.3 Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modification for Enhanced Adhesion 223 8.4 Applications of Adhesion Improvement Using Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatments 240 8.5 Conclusion 246 References 246 9 Adhesion Improvement by Nitrogen Functionalization of Polymers Using DBD-based Plasma Sources at Ambient Pressure 251 Michael Thomas, Marko Eichler, Kristina Lachmann, Jochen Borris, Alena Hinze and Claus-Peter Klages 9.1 Introduction 252 9.2 Amino Functionalization with Nitrogen-Containing Gases 253 9.3 Adhesion Promotion by Amino Functionalization with Nitrogen-Containing Gases 262 9.4 Conclusion 270 Acknowledgements 271 References 271 10 Adhesion Improvement of Polypropylene through Aerosol Assisted Plasma Deposition at Atmospheric Pressure 275 Marjorie Dubreuil, Erik Bongaers and Dirk Vangeneugden 10.1 Introduction 276 10.2 Experimental 278 10.3 Results and Discussion 283 10.4 Conclusions 295 Acknowledgments 296 References 296 11 The Effect of Helium-Air, Helium-Water Vapor, Helium-Oxygen, and Helium-Nitrogen Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas on the Adhesion Strength of Polyethylene 299 Vict