Cardiovascular Disease

PROFESSOR KEITH N. FRAYN is Emeritus Professor of Human Metabolism at the University of Oxford. He has published extensively in the area of metabolic regulation, including the textbook Human Metabolism: a Regulatory Perspective. SARA STANNER is Science Director at the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF). She edited the first edition of Cardiovascular Disease: Diet, Nutrition and Emerging Risk Factors and other BNF Task Force books. SARAH COE is a Nutrition Scientist at the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF). She is Technical Editor and Secretariat of this BNF Task Force report.

Foreword vii List of Common Abbreviations ix About the Companion Website xi Terms of Reference xiii Task Force Membership xv 1 The Aetiology and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease 1 Professor Keith N. Frayn and Sara Stanner 2 The Fetal and Childhood Origins of Cardiometabolic Disease 29 Professor Caroline Fall and Dr Kalyanaraman Kumaran 3 Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes 49 Professor Keith N. Frayn, Dr Stacey Lockyer, and Sara Stanner 4 LipidRelated Factors 75 Professor Leanne Hodson 5 InflammationRelated Factors 99 Professor Parveen Yaqoob and Professor Gordon Ferns 6 Adipose TissueDerived Factors 121 Dr Vidya Mohamed-Ali and Dr Mashael AlJaber 7 Endothelial and Vascular Function 153 Professor Gordon Ferns and Professor Sumantra Ray 8 The Haemostatic System: Coagulation, Platelets, and Fibrinolysis 179 Professor Coen Stehouwer, Professor Marlien Pieters and Dr Moniek P.M. de Maat 9 Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease 213 Professor Richard Bruckdorfer 10 Vitamins and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease 245 Professor Robert Clarke 11 Influences of the Human Gut Microbiome 271 Professor Julie Lovegrove and Dr Gemma Walton 12 Physical Fitness and Physical Activity: Effects on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease 293 Professor Marie Murphy, Professor Steven N. Blair, and Bridget Benelam 13 Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Where Are We Now? 311 Professor Judith L. Buttriss and Sarah Coe 14 Conclusions of the Task Force 367 15 Recommendations of the Task Force 375 16 Cardiovascular Disease: Answers to Common Questions 393 References 415 Index 511