Power Electronics and Electric Drives for Traction Applications

"The book shows how each drive is sized to provide the desired performance, provides real-world examples and illustrates the technology changes experienced by the drive, showing past, present and potential future technology and future trends" IEEE, July 2017

Gonzalo Abad, Computing and Electronics Department, University of Mondragon, Spain Gonzalo Abad received his degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Mondragon in 2000, his M.Sc. degree in Advanced Control from the University of Manchester (UK) in 2001 and his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Mondragon in 2008. He joined the Electronics and Computing Department of the University of Mondragon in 2001. His main research interests include renewable energies, power conversion and motor drives. He has co-authored several papers, patents and books in the areas of wind power generation, multilevel power converters and control of AC drives.

List of contributors viii Preface x 1 Introduction 1 Gonzalo Abad 1.1 Introduction to the book 1 1.2 Traction applications 3 1.3 Electric drives for traction applications 9 1.4 Classification of different parts of electric drives: converter, machines, control strategies, and energy sources 26 1.5 Future challenges for electric drives 33 1.6 Historical evolution 34 References 36 2 Control of Induction Machines 37 Fernando Briz and Gonzalo Abad 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Modeling of induction motors 37 2.3 Rotor flux oriented vector control 52 2.4 Torque capability of the induction machine 69 2.5 Rotor flux selection 71 2.6 Outer control loops 78 2.7 Sensorless control 84 2.8 Steady-state equations and limits of operation of the induction machine 88 References 98 3 Control of Synchronous Machines 100 Fernando Briz and Gonzalo Abad 3.1 Introduction 100 3.2 Types of synchronous machines 100 3.3 Modeling of synchronous machines 103 3.4 Torque equation for synchronous machines 106 3.5 Vector control of permanent magnet synchronous machines 111 3.6 Operation under voltage and current constraints 115 3.7 Speed control 124 3.8 Sensorless control 125 3.9 Numerical calculation of the steady-state of synchronous machines 140 References 146 4 Control of Grid-Connected Converters 148 Aritz Milicua and Gonzalo Abad 4.1 Introduction 148 4.2 Three-phase grid-connected converter model 149 4.3 Three-phase grid-connected converter control 175 4.4 Three-phase grid-connected converter control under unbalanced voltage conditions 185 4.5 Single-phase grid-connected converter model and modulation 207 4.6 Single-phase grid-connected converter control 212 References 220 5 Railway Traction 221 Xabier Agirre and Gonzalo Abad 5.1 Introduction 221 5.2 General description 221 5.3 Physical approach 248 5.4 Electric drive in railway traction 255 5.5 Railway power supply system 276 5.6 ESSs for railway applications 278 5.7 Ground level power supply systems 332 5.8 Auxiliary power systems for railway applications 338 5.9 Real examples 340 5.10 Historical evolution 351 5.11 New trends and future challenges 351 References 357 6 Ships 362 Iigo Atutxa and Gonzalo Abad 6.1 Introduction 362 6.2 General description 362 6.3 Physical approach of the ship propulsion system 376 6.4 Variable speed drive in electric propulsion 392 6.5 Power generation and distribution system 409 6.6 Computer-based simulation example 439 6.7 Design and dimensioning of the electric system 448 6.8 Real examples 450 6.9 Dynamic positioning (DP) 455 6.10 Historical evolution 458 6.11 New trends and future challenges 463 References 466 7 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles 468 David Garrido and Gonzalo Abad 7.1 Introduction 468 7.2 Physical approach to the electric vehicle: Dynamic model 468 7.3 Electric vehicle configurations 492 7.4 Hybrid electric vehicle configurations 497 7.5 Variable speed drive of the electric vehicle 506 7.6 Battery chargers in electric vehicles 515 7.7 Energy storage systems in electric vehicles 525 7.8 Battery management systems (BMS) 530 7.9 Computer-based simulation example 534 7.10 Electric vehicle design example: Battery pack design 542 7.11 Real examples 543 7.12 Historical evolution 546 7.13 New trends and future challenges 546 References 548 8 Elevators 550 Ana Escalada and Gonzalo Abad 8.1 Introduction 550 8.2 General description 550 8.3 Physical approach 569 8.4 Electric drive 577 8.5 Computer-based simulation 599 8.6 Elevator manufacturers 602 8.7 Summary of the most interesting standards and norms 609 8.8 Door opening/closing mechanism 610 8.9 Rescue system 611 8.10 Traffic 612 8.11 Historical evolution 612 8.12 New trends and future challenges 616 References 618 Index 619