Towards a Systems-level Understanding of Gene-diet Interactions
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About the Editors Martin Kussmann is Professor of "Systems Biology in Nutrition and Health" at the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand. He is also Chief Scientist of New Zealand's National Science Challenge "High-Value Nutrition". In 2011, Martin joined the Nestl Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) on the campus of the Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, as Head of the "Molecular Biomarkers Core". From 2012 to 2016, he has been Lecturer at the Faculty of Life Sciences, EPFL. Since June 2009, Martin is Honorary Professor for Nutritional Science at the Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Denmark. He holds a MSc and PhD in Chemistry from the University of Konstanz, Germany. Patrick J. Stover is Professor and Director of the Division of Nutritional Sciences at Cornell University. He graduated from Saint Joseph's University with a BS degree in Chemistry, and received a PhD degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics from the Medical College of Virginia, and performed his postdoctoral studies in Nutritional Sciences at the University of California at Berkeley.
Contributors x Preface xiii Biography of Martin Kussmann xiv Section I Genes, Proteins, and Nutrition 1 1 The use of transcriptomics as a tool to identify differences in the response to diet 3 Juri C. Matualatupauw and Lydia A. Afman 1.1 New concepts in nutrition research 3 1.2 Comprehensive phenotyping 3 1.3 Phenotypic flexibility 4 1.4 Factors that influence the transcriptome response to diet 5 1.5 Using transcriptomics to explain mechanism behind differences in response to diet 10 1.6 Conclusion 10 1.7 Future perspectives 15 References 16 2 Genetic or nutritional disturbances in folate]related pathways and epigenetic interactions 19 Daniel Leclerc and Rima Rozen 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Nutrition and one]carbon metabolism 20 2.3 Importance of DNAmethylation at CpG dinucleotides 23 2.4 Folate]dependent disorders: Dietary impact 24 2.5 Genetic influences on phenotype and interactions with epigenetics 27 2.6 Epigenetic inheritance across generations 31 2.7 Conclusions 34 References 35 3 Early]life development and epigenetic mechanisms: Mediators of metabolic programming and obesity risk 42 Felicia M. Low, Peter D. Gluckman, and Keith M. Godfrey 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Origins of DOHaD and its conceptual basis 43 3.3 Epigenetic mechanisms 44 3.4 Early]life nutrition, epigenetics, and metabolic programming 48 3.5 Paternal effects 52 3.6 Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 54 3.7 The potential value of DOHaD principles and epigenetic biology to the improvement of human health 55 3.8 Conclusion 57 Acknowledgments 57 References 58 Section II Bioactives and Phytonutrients 65 4 Bioactive interactions in food and natural extracts 67 Sofia Moco and Denis Barron 4.1 Natural compounds as all compounds produced by nature 67 4.2 Not all natural compounds are created active 70 4.3 On the road of modern technologies for bioactive discovery 71 4.4 Metabolomics strategies applied to bioactives biochemistry 77 4.5 Bioactives as multi]target network instigators 81 4.6 Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food outlook 85 Acknowledgments 85 References 85 5 Anthocyanins in metabolic health and disease 92 John Overall, Mary Ann Lila, and Slavko Komarnytsky 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Chemical structure 93 5.3 Structural effects on stability 93 5.4 Systemic bioavailability and tissue distribution 96 5.5 Metabolism and nutrigenomic effects 102 5.6 Conclusions 114 Acknowledgments 114 References 114 6 Dietary antioxidants and bioflavonoids in atherosclerosis and angiogenesis 125 Mohsen Meydani and Angelo Azzi 6.1 Introduction 125 6.2 Dietary vitamins E and C and CVD 126 6.3 Dietary polyphenols and CVD 128 6.4 Flavonoids and angiogenesis 134 6.5 Conclusion 135 Acknowledgments 136 References 137 7 Genomics and proteomics approaches to identify resveratrol targets in cancer 143 Csar Lpez]Camarillo, Rubiceli Medina]Aguilar, Carlos Palma]Flores, and Laurence A. Marchat 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 Sources and health benefits of resveratrol 144 7.3 Resveratrol for cancer prevention and therapy 145 7.4 Functional genomics approaches to identify resveratrol targets in cancer 147 7.5 Proteomics approaches to identify resveratrol targets in cancer 148 7.6 Metabolomics approaches to identify pathways modified by resveratrol in cancer 150 7.7 Epigenomic events induced by resveratrol in cancer 152 7.8 Conclusions and perspectives 153 References 153 8 Genomic effects of food bioactives in neuroprotection 156 Ashraf Virmani, Syed Ali, Luigi Pinto, Saf Zerelli, and Zbigniew Binienda 8.1 Introduction: Nature and nurture 156 8.2 Mechanism underlying food nurture 156 8.3 Natural cellular nurture mechanisms 157 8.4 Effects of food bioactives on genomic activity 158 8.5 Epigenetic modulation 158 8.6 Modulation of the epigenome by food bioactives 159 8.