Adhesion in Pharmaceutical, Biomedical, and Dental Fields

Kashmiri Lal Mittal was employed by the IBM Corporation from 1972 through 1993 Currently, he is teaching and consulting worldwide in the broad areas of adhesion as well as surface cleaning. He is the editor of more than 135 books and the Founding Editor of the journal Reviews of Adhesion and Adhesives. Frank Etzler earned his PhD in physical chemistry from the University of Miami. He is currently an Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics in the School of Pharmacy at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM).

Preface xv Part 1 General Topics 1 Theories and Mechanisms of Adhesion in the Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Dental Fields 3 Douglas J. Gardner 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Mechanisms of Adhesion 7 1.3 Summary 17 References 18 2 Wettability of Powders 23 Emil Chibowski, Lucyna Holysz and Aleksandra Szczes 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Different Forms of Wetting 24 2.3 Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces 27 2.4 Contact Angle Measurement in Wettability Studies of Powdered Materials 27 2.5 Contact Angle and Surface Free Energy 35 2.6 Surface Free Energy Determination of Powdered Solids by Thin Layer Wicking Method 38 2.7 Surface Free Energy Determination of Powdered Solids by Imbibition Drainage Method 42 2.8 Summary 44 Acknowledgement 44 References 44 Part 2 Adhesion in the Pharmaceutical Field 3 Tablet Tensile Strength: Role of Surface Free Energy 53 Frank M. Etzler and Sorana Pisano 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Applicability of the Proposed Model to Pharmaceutical Materials 60 3.3 Discussion 70 3.4 Summary 72 3.5 Acknowledgements 72 References 72 4 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Behavior and Tablet Strength 75 Changquan Calvin Sun 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Surface Free Energy 76 4.3 Role of Surface Free Energy in Solid Wetting 77 4.4 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Flow 80 4.5 Role of Surface Free Energy in Powder Tableting 82 4.6 Concluding Remarks 84 References 84 5 Mucoadhesive Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems 89 Inderbir Singh, Pravin Pawar, Ebunoluwa A. Sanusi and Oluwatoyin A. Odeku 5.1 Introduction 90 5.2 Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems 93 5.3 Mucoadhesive Polymers 95 5.4 Summary 107 References 108 6 Transdermal Patches: An Overview 115 Subham Banerjee 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Factors Affecting Skin Absorption 117 6.3 Passive Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 120 6.4 Types, Structural Components and Materials Used to Design Passive TDDS 121 6.5 Active Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems 126 6.6 Production of Transdermal Patches 127 6.7 Biopharmaceutical Concerns 128 6.8 Pharmacokinetics of Transdermal Absorption 130 6.9 Manufacture, Design and Quality Control 131 6.10 Commercialized Patches 133 6.11 Regulatory Aspects 133 6.12 Summary and Future Prospects 136 Acknowledgment 137 References 138 7 Film-Forming Technology and Skin Adhesion in Long-Wear Cosmetics 141 Hy Si Bui and Debra Coleman-Nally 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Long-Wear Foundation: An overview 142 7.3 Effect of Skin Substrate on Adhesion 142 7.4 Long-Wear Technologies in Cosmetic Applications 150 7.5 Summary and Prospects 160 Acknowledgements 161 References 161 Part 3 Adhesion in the Biomedical Fields 8 Factors Affecting Microbial Adhesion 169 Klemen Bohinc, Martina Oder, Rok Fink, Karmen Godie Torkar, Goran Dra iae and Peter Raspor 8.1 Introduction 169 8.2 Surface Characterization 174 8.3 Bacterial Adhesion to Material Surfaces 175 8.5 Summary 179 Acknowledgments 179 References 180 9 Factors Influencing Biofouling and Use of Polymeric Materials to Mitigate It 185 Elena Ozzello, Chiara Mollea, Francesca Bosco and Roberta Bongiovanni 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Origin of Biofouling 188 9.3 Prevention of Microorganisms Adhesion 189 9.4 Influence of Mechanical Properties 198 9.5 Influence of Surface Topography 200 9.6 Concluding Remarks 201 References 202 10 Coatings on Surgical Tools and How to Promote Adhesion of Bio-Friendly Coatings on Their Surfaces 207 Sanjay Kumar, Pulak Bhushan and Shantanu Bhattacharya 10.1 Introduction 207 10.2 Coatings on Various Surgical Tools and Implants in Different Fields of Operative Care to Patients 209 10.3 Promotion of Adhesion of Bio-Friendly Coatings on Surfaces of Tools and Implants 224 10.4 Summary 227 References 227 11 Techniques for Deposition of Coatings with Enhanced Adhesion to Bio-Implants 235 Proma Bhattacharya and Sudarsan Neogi 11.1 Bio-Implants: An