US Grand Strategy in the 21st Century

'After a desultory post-Cold War insider debate, the US national security establishment settled on an ambitious grand strategy to integrate states great and small into a US led liberal international order. Despite the poor performance of this grand strategy for the last quarter century, particularly its propensity for war, advocates continue to rely on a handful of key arguments as to why it is both essential and doable. This book takes on these arguments one by one, and demonstrates their weakness. The key elements of a new, more cautious, and more cost-effective grand strategy-restraint are then systematically advanced and assembled into a coherent whole. Those uneasy with the present US course of action, and hungry for an alternative, will find allies in these pages.' -- Barry R. Posen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA 'A. Trevor Thrall and Benjamin H. Friedman have assembled the intellectual A-Team of national security analysts in US Grand Strategy in the 21st Century. Covering the regional and functional waterfront, the authors of this timely and compelling volume demonstrate that the American pursuit of global hegemony over the past quarter century has been neither necessary nor realistic. The only puzzle remaining after reading this essential corrective to America's collective Liberal hegemonic delusion is why we fell for any alternative to restraint?' -- Michael Desch, University of Notre Dame, USA 'The essays in this volume shine a bright and skeptical light on Americas global military commitments, and make a compelling case for restraint in US strategy. The book includes fruitful discussions of the social science literature bearing on various strategic questions like nuclear proliferation, oil security, democracy promotion, and military intervention. It offers superb dissections of the role of distance, national character, public opinion, and built-up military institutions in shaping national strategy. The authors show, with keen argument and telling evidence, that restraint rather than primacy offers a superior route to ensuring Americas security, liberty, and prosperity.' -- David Hendrickson, Colorado College, USA Americas recent unhappy experiences in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Libya have caused many Americans to question the basic contours of US foreign policy, but they lack the confidence to challenge these ideas directly, and they are uncertain about realistic alternatives. This book helps fill in the details. It shows why warfare in the 21st century is unlikely to produce desirable results at reasonable costs. It challenges the notion that a forward-leaning US military posture is required to produce safety and prosperity. And it shows why a more restrained foreign policy would better align with classic American values of limited constitutional government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace. Taken together, the entries in this volume reassure readers that the United States can remain engaged in a complex world without having to manage it.--Christopher Preble, Vice President of Defense and Foreign Policy, the Cato Institute, Washington DC, USA

A. Trevor Thrall is a Senior Fellow in the Defense and Foreign Policy Department, Cato Institute, USA, and co-editor of Why Did the United States Invade Iraq? (Routledge, 2011) and American Foreign Policy and the Politics of Fear (Routledge, 2009). Benjamin H. Friedman is a Foreign Policy Fellow and Defense Scholar at Defense Priorities and an Adjunct Lecturer at George Washington University, USA.

1. US National Interests, Grand Strategy, and the Case for Restraint, Benjamin H. Friedman and A. Trevor Thrall PART I: The Myths of Liberal Hegemony 2. Its a Trap! Security Commitments and the Risks of Entrapment, Joshua R. Itzkowitz Shifrinson and David Edelstein 3. Primacy and Proliferation: Why Security Commitments Don't Prevent Nuclear Weapons Spread, Brendan Rittenhouse Green 4. Restraint and Oil Security, Eugene Gholz 5. Does Spreading Democracy by Force Have a Place in US Grand Strategy?, Alexander B. Downes and Jonathan Monten 6. The Tyrannies of Distance: Maritime Asia and the Barriers to Conquest, Patrick Porter PART II: The Politics and Policy of Restraint 7. Not So Dangerous Nation: US Foreign Policy from the Founding to the Spanish-American War, William Ruger 8. The Search for Monsters to Destroy: Theodore Roosevelt, Republican Virtu, and the Challenges of Liberal Democracy in an Industrial Society, Edward Rhodes 9. Better Balancing the Middle East, Emma Ashford 10. Embracing Threatlessness: US Military Spending, Newt Gingrich, and the Costa Rica Option, John Mueller 11. Unrestrained: The Politics of Americas Primacist Foreign Policy, Benjamin H. Friedman and Harvey Sapolsky 12. Identifying the Restraint Constituency, A. Trevor Thrall