Iran Divided

This wide-ranging book covers sociopolitical and cultural developments in contemporary Iran. Hunter, a well-published scholar on Iran and the broader Muslim world, places contemporary developments in postrevolutionary Iran in historical context. Throughout the book, the author seeks to explain what it means to be an Iranian and how the Iranian people define and redefine their cultural identity and grapple with issues of governance. Hunter traces the current debates about the issues of modernity, cultural authenticity, and political discourse among the Iranians from the dawn of the 19th century. She describes Irans encounter with the West and explains varied responses to this encounter, including those of nationalist, leftist, and religious groups. The strength of the book is that the author does not offer simplistic explanations to complex problems that have affected the course of political developments in Iran, prior to and after the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The author also does a masterful job of analyzing the interplay of competing forces that have shaped the formation and maturation of the Islamic Republic and explains major developments in Iran from 1979 to the present time. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, and research collections. * CHOICE * This is the best book yet published regarding the history and politics of Iran since 1979, which marked the rise of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Hunter brings equal focus and balance to her discussion of four significant periods: the ascendency of leftist forces from 1970 to 1997 under Hashem Rafsanjani; the Lefts revenge under Mohammad Khatami, 1997-2001; continuing polarization under Khatami, 2001-05; the rightest revenge under Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, 2005-13. There is also a concluding chapter on the election of Hassan Rouhani in June 2013. Hunter examines the important dichotomies of Irans politics during these periods: between pre-and post-Islamic society, Arab and Iranian culture, Arabic and Persian languages, Iranianism and Arabism, Iranian-Turkic (Azeri) and Kurdish culture, Shiism and Sunnism, monarchy and republicanism, and Islamism and secular democratic constitutionalism. The author thinks that the growing connection between ideology and discourse has hardened the ability of Irans political elite to make the concessions necessary for a governing consensus. She thinks such consensus necessary if Iran is to meet the institutional, economic, and geopolitical challenges it faces, especially regarding relations with the US and Europe and with the Sunni Arab states of the Middle East. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, and research collections. * CHOICE * Iran Divided ultimately determines that the current system of governance is stable and process-driven, with its Islamic leaders pursuing many aspects of modernity, including constitutionalism and republicanism. * Middle East Journal * By placing Iran's recent developments in their proper historical context, Hunter identifies a number of major divides in Iranian identity, culture and politics, some resulting from Iran's long and turbulent history and some from its more recent past, especially the dynamics of its modernization. Applying this approach, Iran Divided goes beyond the simplistic and binary analysis of Iran's politics in terms of factional infighting, conflict between reformists and conservatives, and struggle between dictatorship and democracy. Hunter also sheds new light on the country's pre-and post-revolution developments. The result is a rich and valuable addition to Iranian studies and for a better understanding of Iran's modern politics. -- Hooshang Amirahmadi, professor, Rutgers University; senior associate, Oxford University; president, American Iranian Council Shireen Hunter takes on one of the most persistent and difficult questions facing Iranians: Who are we and what mak

Shireen T. Hunter is a research professor at the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown University.

PART I: HISTORIC ROOTS OF CURRENT DEBATES 1. Irans Social, Economic, Political, and Cultural Conditions at the Dawn of the 19th Century 2. Encounter with the West, Efforts at Reform and Modernizaiton, and Their Consequences 3. The Left in Iran: Origins and Evolution 4. Islamic Opposition to the Shah: Groups, Individuals, and Thinking PART II: POST-REVOLUTION DEVELOPMENTS 5. The Revolution Triumphs, the Coalition Fractures, and Power Struggles Begin 6. Factions, Discourses and Politics in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1980-1997 7. The Lefts Revenge, the Khatami Presidency, and the Reformist Discourse 8. Khatamis Second Term, 2001-2005: Continued Domestic Bickering and New International Challenges 9. Ahmadinejad Presidencys First Term, 2005-2009: Restoring Revolutionary Values 10. Presidential Elections of 2009 and Ahmadinejads Second Term 11. June 2013 Presidential Elections: Outcome, Significance, and Potential Consequences CONCLUSION Afterword