Women, Politics, and Power

This is hands down the best textbook on women, gender, and politics from a global perspective. The book reflects the state-of-the-art literature in this area. It addresses key influences on women in politics: cultural, structural and institutional factors, in addition to historical, intersectional and international dimensions. Situating women in United States politics in a global perspective is an especially useful contribution.--Aili Tripp, University of Wisconsin-Madison This is a 'huge' book: its ambition and reach is global. In a burgeoning field of study, this textbook provides students with access to the latest conceptual debates and empirical studies. Its coverage does not come at the cost of sophisticated analysis nor accessibility and engagement. It is an inspiring account of what politics and gender scholars have produced over the last 30 years. In a discipline that is often accused of being Anglo-centric/global north, it provides access to research from across the globe. Considerable effort has been put into enabling the reader to easily to see what the book does, and in what order; the extensive contents page is superb. The two-part structure allows for discussion of generic theories and accounts of women's political participation and representation as well as, in its geographically distinct chapters discussion of regionally specific themes and debates. The authors are explicit in informing readers that whilst some countries and regions produce extensive and robust empirical data that in other places, there is frustratingly limited data. Where mixed findings are present in the literature, this is noted and not hidden. The details, facts and statistics are all here but more than this are the stories of women who have tried and failed as political actors; we hear their voices in their own words. The authors are always sensitive to variations in trajectories and do not shy away from complex, multi-causal explanations for patterns and outcomes. I very much admire its 'talk to the camera' signposting. Concepts are introduced and the authors then suggest how readers might use these lenses elsewhere in the book. Theories of power and gender are introduced in ways all readers can understand; the discussion of sex and gender is superb; and there is considerable and considered discussion of intersectionality and IS research, going beyond the 'trinity' of sex, race and class - including reflection on sexuality and transgender/queer/indigenous women and politics. Debates and developments at the cutting edge of gender and politics research - such as Feminist institutionalism, and violence against women in politics - are highlighted. In reflecting developments in the wider literature there is more detailed discussion of Hilary US Clinton's presidential campaign, the death of British MP Jo Cox, and the threat of populism, and the far right. It provides access in a single volume to huge range of conceptual debates and empirics about women, gender and politics, never dumbing down even as remains highly accessible to the reader new to this disciplinary area.--Sarah Childs, Birkbeck Centre for British Political Life, University of London

Pamela Paxton is the Linda K. George and John Wilson Professor of Sociology at The University of Texas at Austin. PhD in sociology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has consulted for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the National Academies. She has intersecting research interests in prosocial behavior, politics, gender, and methodology. She is the author of articles and books on women in politics, nonprofits, and quantitative methodology. Melanie M. Hughes is Professor of Sociology, has a secondary appointment in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, and is Co-Director of the Gender Inequality Research Lab (GIRL) at the University of Pittsburgh. PhD in Sociology from The Ohio State University. Her research considers how gender intersects with other forces of marginalization to influence women's political power. She has published numerous articles on womens legislative representation cross-nationally in journals such as American Political Science Review, American Sociological Review, European Journal of Political Research, and Politics & Gender. Currently, she is consulting the United Nations Development Programme to increase the availability of data on women in decision-making positions in public administration. She is also writing a book on the political dominance of men from majority racial, ethnic, and religious groups worldwide. Tiffany D. Barnes is an Associate Professor of Political Science at University of Kentucky and affiliated faculty with Gender and Womens Studies and Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies. PhD in political science from Rice University. Her research focuses on Latin America, gender and politics, and comparative political institutions. Her book, Gendering Legislative Behavior, (Cambridge University Press 2016) won the Alan Rosenthal Prize from the Legislative Studies Section of the American Political Science Association (APSA) in 2017. Her other research appears in journals such as the American Journal of Political Science, Journal of Politics, Comparative Political Studies, Political Research Quarterly, Politics & Gender, and Politics, Groups, and Identities. She was awarded the Emerging Scholar Award from the Legislative Studies Section of the APSA and the Early Career Award from the Midwest Women's Caucus for Political Science. She formerly served as the president for the Midwest Women's Caucus. She is an associate editor at Research & Politics, the editor of The Legislative Scholar, the newsletter for the Legislative Studies Section of the APSA, and on the editorial boards of The Journal of Politics, and Political Research Quarterly.

About the Authors Preface 1. Introduction to Women in Politics Arguments for Womens Representation in Politics The Story of Mukhtar Mai: Village Council Justice Wife Beating in Nigeriade jure vs. de facto Law Filibustering in TexasA Woman Representative Holds Out Justice Arguments for Womens Representation Utility Arguments for Womens Representation A Brief Overview of Womens Participation in Politics Orienting Theories Power The Dimensions of Power: An Example Gender and Gender Stratification Gender and Power Concepts: Patriarchy, Public Versus Private, and Intersectionality Feminist Institutionalism Overview of the Book 2. Women Struggle for the Vote: The History of Womens Suffrage Social Movement Concepts Suffrage in the United States Womens Suffrage and the U.S. Constitution Women and the Antislavery Movement: The Struggle Begins The Leadership, Organization, and Tactics of the Early Suffrage Movement Aint I a Woman? By Sojourner Truth, 1851 The State Suffrage Movement: Why the West Was Best Partnering With the Progressive Movement Opposition to Womens Suffrage Women Gain the Vote: The Events Leading to the Passage of the 19th Amendment Suffrage Movements Outside the United States Time Period Movement Size, Composition, and Alliances Goals and Ideology Movement Opposition Tactics and Level of Militancy The International Womens Movement Womens Suffrage After 1945 Women Exercising Their Vote First Women Members of Parliament 3. Positions and Pathways: Womens Representation in Government Government Structures and Positions of Power Women Presidents and Prime Ministers Paths to Power for Women National Leaders Difficulties Faced by Women Leaders Women in Cabinet Positions Women in Parliaments Milestones and Historical Trajectories Women in Parliaments Today Women in the Judiciary Women in Local Governance 4. Intersectionality and Difference Thinking Intersectionally Slower and Lower: The Double and Triple Barriers faced by Women from Marginalized Groups Lesbian, Bisexual and Queer Women Transgender, Gender Non-Conforming, and Intersex Indigenous Women The Puzzle of Success: Complementary and Strategic Opportunities The Puzzle of Transgender Womens Success All the Women are White, All the Blacks are Men When Identities Collide: The Rights and Representaiton of Immigrant and Indigenous Women But Who Represents Us? Multiple Marginalization and Substantive Representation Out in the Open: Out Candidates and Public Officials Who Is Indigenous 5. Explaining the Political Representation of WomenCulture A Womans Place in History: Women in Political Philosophy A Womans Place Today: The Continuing Power of Culture Regional Differences Religion Cultural Attitudes Culture and Womens Representation in Politics Ambition Role Model Effects Media 6. Explaining the Political Representation of WomenSocial Structure Economic Development Money Time Civic and Political Skills Education Work Networks Beyond Meritocracy Violence Against Women in Politics 7. Explaining the Political Representation of WomenPolitics Democracy Selection Mechanisms Electoral Systems Why Are Proportional Representation Systems Good for Women? Types of Political Representation Systems Are the Same Systems and Rules Good for All Women? Political Appointments Characteristics of Political Parties From Candidate to Legislator Quotas What Kinds of Quotas Are There and Which Are Better? Threshold for Representation Candidate Quotas, Political Party Quotas, and Reserved Seats Quotas, Looking Beyond Gender SOY JUANA, no Juanita!: Quota Reform in Mexico Looking Beyond National Legislatures The Adoption of Gender Quotas Do Quotas affect Candidate Quality? Can Quotas Disrupt Mens Power? 8. Explaining the Political Representation of WomenInternational Factors The International Womens Movement A Brief History of Womens Activism in the United Nations Womens Activism Increases the Sup