Design of Steel Structures for Buildings in Seismic Areas

Rafaelle Landolfo is Professor at the University of Naples, Institute of Contructional Engineering and Architecture. Federico Mazzolani is Emeritus Professor of Structural Engineering at the University of Naples. Dan Dubina is Professor at the Department of Steel Structures and Structural Mechanics, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Romania. Luis Sim?es da Silva is Professor of Structural Mechanics at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Coimbra, Portugal.

FOREWORD XIII PREFACE XVII Chapter 1 SEISMIC DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN STRUCTURAL CODES 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Fundamentals of seismic design 2 1.2.1 Capacity design 2 1.2.2 Seismic design concepts 6 1.3 Codification of seismic design 11 1.3.1 Evolution of seismic design codes 11 1.3.2 New perspectives and trends in seismic codification 19 Chapter 2 EN 1998-1: GENERAL AND MATERIAL INDEPENDENT PARTS 25 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Performance requirements and compliance criteria 27 2.2.1 Fundamental requirements 27 2.2.2 Ultimate limit state 32 2.2.3 Damage limitation state 34 2.2.4 Specific measures 35 2.3 Seismic action 36 2.3.1 The fundamentals of the dynamic model 36 2.3.2 Basic representation of the seismic action 40 2.3.3 The seismic action according to EN 1998-1 46 2.3.4 Alternative representations of the seismic action 52 2.3.5 Design spectrum for elastic analysis 54 2.3.6 Combinations of the seismic action with other types of actions 56 2.4 Characteristics of earthquake resistant buildings 58 2.4.1 Basic principles of conceptual design 58 2.4.2 Primary and secondary seismic members 60 2.4.3 Criteria for structural regularity 61 2.5 Methods of structural seismic analysis 70 2.5.1 Introduction 70 2.5.2 Lateral force method 72 2.5.3 Linear modal response spectrum analysis 75 2.5.4 Nonlinear static pushover analysis 84 2.5.5 Nonlinear time-history dynamic analysis 90 2.6 Structural modelling 94 2.6.1 Introduction 94 2.6.2 Modelling of masses 96 2.6.3 Modelling of damping 98 2.6.4 Modelling of structural mechanical properties 101 2.7 Accidental torsional effects 107 2.7.1 Accidental eccentricity 107 2.7.2 Accidental torsional effects in the lateral force method of analysis 109 2.7.3 Accidental torsional effects in modal response spectrum analysis 110 2.7.4 Accidental torsional effects in nonlinear static pushover analysis 111 2.7.5 Accidental torsional effects in linear and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis 114 2.8 Combination of effects induced by different components of the seismic action 114 2.9 Calculation of structural displacements 117 2.10 Second order effects in seismic linear elastic analysis 118 2.11 Design verifications 121 2.11.1 Safety verifications 121 2.11.2 Damage limitation 126 Chapter 3 EN 1998-1: DESIGN PROVISIONS FOR STEEL STRUCTURES 129 3.1 Design concepts for steel buildings 129 3.2 Requirements for steel mechanical properties 133 3.2.1 Strength and ductility 133 3.2.2 Toughness 135 3.3 Structural typologies and behaviour factors 137 3.3.1 Structural types 137 3.3.2 Behaviour factors 141 3.4 Design criteria and detailing rules for dissipative structural behaviour common to all structural types 145 3.4.1 Introduction 145 3.4.2 Design rules for cross sections in dissipative members 145 3.4.3 Design rules for non-dissipative connections 147 3.4.4 Design rules and requirements for dissipative connections 148 3.4.5 Design rules and requirements for non-dissipative members 148 3.5 Design criteria and detailing rules for moment resisting frames 149 3.5.1 Code requirements for beams 149 3.5.2 Code requirements for columns 152 3.5.3 Code requirements for beam-to-column joints 153 3.6 Design criteria and detailing rules for concentrically braced frames 158 3.6.1 Code requirements for braces 158 3.6.2 Code requirements for beams and columns 162 3.7 Design criteria and detailing rules for eccentrically braced frames 164 3.7.1 Code requirements for seismic links 164 3.7.2 Code requirements for members not containing seismic links 171 3.7.3 Code requirements for connections of the seismic links 172 Chapter 4 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DUCTILE DETAILS 173 4.1 Introduction 173 4.2 Seismic design and detailing of composite steel-concrete slabs 174 4.3 Ductile details for moment resisting frames 182 4.3.1 Detailing of beams 182 4.3.2 Detailing of beam-to-column j