Experimental Electrochemistry

Rudolf Holze is Full Professor of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at the Institute of Chemistry at Chemnitz University of Technology. He finished his studies of chemistry at Bonn University with a diploma thesis on new cathode materials for lithium batteries. His doctoral thesis focused on impedance measurements at porous electrodes for energy conversion systems. As a postdoctoral fellow with E.B. Yeager at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, he studied transition metal complexes as electrocatalysts for fuel cells. Research interests include spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical materials science (intrinsically conducting polymers, corrosion, functionalized electrode surfaces) and corrosion. He has published several books and more than 280 research papers and reviews. In editorial boards of various journals and as editor he is actively involved in scientific communication, including the organization of conferences and workshops.

Preface to the Second Edition ix Preface to the First Edition xi Foreword to the Second Edition xv Symbols and Acronyms xvii 1 Introduction: An Overview of Practical Electrochemistry 1 Practical Hints 2 Electrodes 3 Measuring Instruments 6 Electrochemical Cells 7 Data Recording 9 2 Electrochemistry in Equilibrium 11 Experiment 2.1: The Electrochemical Series 11 Experiment 2.2: Standard Electrode Potentials and the Mean Activity Coefficient 15 Experiment 2.3: pH Measurements and Potentiometrically Indicated Titrations 20 Experiment 2.4: Redox Titrations (Cerimetry) 25 Experiment 2.5: Differential Potentiometric Titration 27 Experiment 2.6: Potentiometric Measurement of the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Oxalic Acid 30 Experiment 2.7: Polarization and Decomposition Voltage 34 Experiment 2.8: A Simple Relative Hydrogen Electrode 39 3 Electrochemistry with Flowing Current 43 Experiment 3.1: Ion Movement in an Electric Field 44 Experiment 3.2: Paper Electrophoresis 46 Experiment 3.3: Charge Transport in Electrolyte Solution 47 Experiment 3.4: Conductance Titration 51 Experiment 3.5: Chemical Constitution and Electrolytic Conductance 54 Experiment 3.6: Faradays Law 56 Experiment 3.7: Kinetics of Ester Saponification 58 Experiment 3.8: Movement of Ions and Hittorf Transport Number 62 Experiment 3.9: Polarographic Investigation of the Electroreduction of Formaldehyde 68 Experiment 3.10: Galvanostatic Measurement of Stationary CurrentPotential Curves 72 Experiment 3.11: Cyclic Voltammetry 75 Experiment 3.12: Slow Scan Cyclic Voltammetry 82 Experiment 3.13: Kinetic Investigations with Cyclic Voltammetry 86 Experiment 3.14: Numerical Simulation of Cyclic Voltammograms 90 Experiment 3.15: Cyclic Voltammetry with Microelectrodes 92 Experiment 3.16: Cyclic Voltammetry of Organic Molecules 96 Experiment 3.17: Cyclic Voltammetry in Nonaqueous Solutions 102 Experiment 3.18: Cyclic Voltammetry with Sequential Electrode Processes 104 Experiment 3.19: Cyclic Voltammetry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 107 Experiment 3.20: Cyclic Voltammetry of Aniline and Polyaniline 110 Experiment 3.21: Galvanostatic Step Measurements 115 Experiment 3.22: Cyclic Voltammetry of a Supercapacitor Electrode 118 Experiment 3.23: Chronoamperometry 121 Experiment 3.24: Chronocoulometry 122 Experiment 3.25: Rotating Disk Electrode 124 Experiment 3.26: Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode 130 Experiment 3.27: Measurement of Electrode Impedances 133 Experiment 3.28: Corrosion Cells 136 Experiment 3.29: Aeration Cell 138 Experiment 3.30: Concentration Cell 139 Experiment 3.31: Salt Water Drop Experiment According to Evans 141 Experiment 3.32: Passivation and Activation of an Iron Surface 142 Experiment 3.33: Cyclic Voltammetry with Corroding Electrodes 143 Experiment 3.34: Tafel Plot of a Corroding Electrode 145 Experiment 3.35: Impedance of a Corroding Electrode 148 Experiment 3.36: Linear Polarization Resistance of a Corroding Electrode 150 Experiment 3.37: Oscillating Reactions 152 4 Analytical Electrochemistry 155 Experiment 4.1: Ion-Sensitive Electrode 156 Experiment 4.2: Potentiometrically Indicated Titrations 158 Experiment 4.3: Bipotentiometrically Indicated Titration 163 Experiment 4.4: Conductometrically Indicated Titration 165 Experiment 4.5: Electrogravimetry 167 Experiment 4.6: Coulometric Titration 170 Experiment 4.7: Amperometry 172 Experiment 4.8: Polarography (Fundamentals) 178 Experiment 4.9: Polarography (Advanced Methods) 182 Experiment 4.10: Anodic Stripping Voltammetry 183 Experiment 4.11: Abrasive Stripping Voltammetry 186 Experiment 4.12: Polarographic Analysis of Anions 189 Experiment 4.13: Tensammetry 191 5 Nontraditional Electrochemistry 197 Experiment 5.1: UV-Vis Spectroscopy 197 Experiment 5.2: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 200 Experiment 5.3: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of a Self-Assembled Mon