Light in Einsteins Universe

`An original, timely and stimulating book: do not miss it.' Foundations of Physics (1986)

1. The Observable Universe.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The Origins of Modern Cosmology.- 1.3 The Scale of the Universe.- 1.4 The Large-scale Features of the Universe.- 1.5 Recent Observational Developments.- 1.6 Strange and Wonderful Objects.- Exercises and Problems.- 2. The Bases of Modern Cosmology.- 2.1 The Significance of the Hubble Law.- 2.2 The Interpretation of Cosmological Red-Shifts.- 2.3 The Nature of a Mathematical Model.- 2.4 Basic Assumptions and Definitions.- 2.5 The Case for a Uniform Rate of Expansion.- 2.6 The Puzzle of Light Propagation.- Exercises and Problems.- 3. The Principle of Relativity.- 3.1 Motion According to Galileo.- 3.2 Newtons System of the World.- 3.3 The Basis of Special Relativity.- 3.4 The Lorentz Transformation and its Implications.- 3.5 The Relativity of Time and Length Observations.- 3.6 The Relativistic Metric.- Exercises and Problems.- 4. Light Propagation in an Expanding Universe.- 4.1 The Cosmological Metric.- 4.2 The Geometry of Light Paths.- 4.3 Astronomical Implications.- 4.4 The Equivalence of Fundamental Observers.- Exercises and Problems.- 5. The Effects of Movement Relative to the Fundamental Frame.- 5.1 The Cosmological Acceleration Field.- 5.2 The Primary Anisotropy Effect.- 5.3 The Retarded Potential Law for Moving Bodies.- 5.4 The Effect of Motion on Length and Mass.- Exercises and Problems.- 6. Special Relativity as a Cosmological Theory.- 6.1 The Basic Effects of Anisotropy.- 6.2 Observational Consequences.- 6.3 The Balance of Anisotropy Effects.- 6.4 Some Further Consequences.- Exercises and Problems.- 7. Gravitation in a Unique Universe.- 7.1 A Cosmological Basis for Gravitation.- 7.2 Einsteins Very General Theory.- 7.3 Focks Particular Formulation of General Relativity.- 7.4 The Universe as aMass-Energy System.- Exercises and Problems.- 8. The Space, time and Matter of our Universe.- 8.1 Relative or Absolute?.- 8.2 The Status of the Cosmological Substratum.- 8.3 The Nature of Time.- 8.4 The Matter of our Universe.- 8.5 The Essence and Basis of the Argument.- Exercise and Problems.- Appendices.- Appendix 1: The Steady State Syndrome.- Appendix 2: The Status of Einsteins Stationary System.- Appendix 3: The Black Hole Deduction.- Appendix 4: The Lorentz-Equivalence of Fundamental Observers General Proof.- Appendix 5: Derivation of the Retarded Potential Field Law General Case.- Appendix 6: Synchronisation of Clocks By Slow Transport.- Appendix 7: The Relativistic Doppler and Aberration Furmulae.- Comments on the Exercises and Problems.- 11 Movement relative to the cosmic background radiation?.- 12 Newtonian black holes?.- 21 Why do some galaxies exhibit blue-shifts?.- 22(a) The velocity space of a steady-state universe.- 22(b) The velocity space of a uniformly-expanding universe.- 23 Observational indicators of cosmic time.- 31 The practical significance of Einsteins measurement conventions.- 32 Derivation of a transformation involving Einstein co-ordinate measures.- 33 The influence of Einsteins new approach.- 34 The velocities transformation and the conditions for its employment.- 35 The invariance of the out-and-return journey result.- 36 The invariance of the order of events within a time-like interval.- 41 Two-dimensional representations of an expanding reference frame.- 42 The composition of recession velocities.- 43 The extent of the universe?.- 44 The limits of observation?.- 45 Are there any fundamental observers in the universe?.- 51 The speed of light relative to a movingsystem.- 52 Derivation of the retarded potential result for a point directly behind the moving source-body.- 53 Derivation of the general length-contraction formula.- 61 The observation of length contraction.- 62 The time-dilation result for arbitrarily-oriented light-clocks.- 63 The puzzle of the balanced lever.- 64 The group properties of the Lorentz transformation.- 71 The universe as a ma