Global Europe: Legal and Policy Issues of the EU’s External Action – serie

This contributed volume examines the trend whereby the EU resorts ever more often to informal arrangements and deals with third countries in an effort to curb and manage migration flows towards the EU and facilitate the return of irregular migrants to their countries of origin or transit. The perceived success of the EU-Turkey deal provided a strong impetus for the continuation of this trend. The contributions collected and presented in this book aim to shed light on the implications of this trend for the EU constitutional order, the human rights of those affected by these deals, the third countries with which the EU cooperates, and the global refugee protection regime. They demonstrate how these deals raise more issues than they solve; by, for instance, sidestepping established Treaty rules and procedures, violating the human rights of those affected, and overburdening the nascent migration and asylum systems of third country partners. This book, the first volume to appear in the Global Europe Series, will be of great interest to researchers and policy makers working in the field of migration and asylum.Eva Kassoti and Narin Idriz work in the Research Department of the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague.

This contributed volume examines the trend whereby the EU resorts ever more often to informal arrangements and deals with third countries in an effort to curb and manage migration flows towards the EU and facilitate the return of irregular migrants to their countries of origin or transit. The perceived success of the EU-Turkey deal provided a strong impetus for the continuation of this trend. The contributions collected and presented in this book aim to shed light on the implications of this trend for the EU constitutional order, the human rights of those affected by these deals, the third countries with which the EU cooperates, and the global refugee protection regime. They demonstrate how these deals raise more issues than they solve; by, for instance, sidestepping established Treaty rules and procedures, violating the human rights of those affected, and overburdening the nascent migration and asylum systems of third country partners. This book, the first volume to appear in the Global Europe Series, will be of great interest to researchers and policy makers working in the field of migration and asylum.Eva Kassoti and Narin Idriz work in the Research Department of the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague.

This edited volume explores the principle of solidarity in international and EU law. Although the concept is regularly invoked in international and EU legal and policy debates alike, its meaning, nature and functions, as well as normative contours still remain nebulous.The contributions in this volume reflect on the legal trajectory of solidarity in international and EU law and offer unique insights into the evolution and status of the principle in different fields of international and EU law. By doing so, the book also serves as a springboard for answering broader questions pertaining to what the stage of development of this principle may imply for the two legal orders and their interaction.As the chapters of this book show, the debate on solidarity is premised on conflicting visions regarding the values underpinning the international legal order as well as the self-interest or community-oriented driving forces behind States’ action at the international level. The regional (EU law) perspective offers a new lens through which to revisit classic questions pertaining to the nature of modern international law and to assess its continuing relevance in a world of regional organizations presenting different visions (and levels) of co-operation.This book, the second volume to appear in the Global Europe Series, will appeal to international and EU law researchers and policy-makers alike with an interest in the nature and function of the principle of solidarity in international and EU law.Eva Kassoti is Senior researcher in EU and International Law at the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague, The Netherlands and the Academic Co-ordinator of CLEER.Narin Idriz is Researcher in EU Law at the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague, The Netherlands.

This edited volume explores the principle of solidarity in international and EU law. Although the concept is regularly invoked in international and EU legal and policy debates alike, its meaning, nature and functions, as well as normative contours still remain nebulous.The contributions in this volume reflect on the legal trajectory of solidarity in international and EU law and offer unique insights into the evolution and status of the principle in different fields of international and EU law. By doing so, the book also serves as a springboard for answering broader questions pertaining to what the stage of development of this principle may imply for the two legal orders and their interaction.As the chapters of this book show, the debate on solidarity is premised on conflicting visions regarding the values underpinning the international legal order as well as the self-interest or community-oriented driving forces behind States’ action at the international level. The regional (EU law) perspective offers a new lens through which to revisit classic questions pertaining to the nature of modern international law and to assess its continuing relevance in a world of regional organizations presenting different visions (and levels) of co-operation.This book, the second volume to appear in the Global Europe Series, will appeal to international and EU law researchers and policy-makers alike with an interest in the nature and function of the principle of solidarity in international and EU law.Eva Kassoti is Senior researcher in EU and International Law at the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague, The Netherlands and the Academic Co-ordinator of CLEER.Narin Idriz is Researcher in EU Law at the T.M.C. Asser Institute in The Hague, The Netherlands.

This book examines how the EU and international law frameworks impact the EU’s ability to act normatively in its external action in the area of fisheries. The EU, a major fishing power, portrays itself as a normative actor and a champion of sustainable fishing. The volume reconceptualises the Normative Power Europe narrative by identifying three interrelated elements – universality, use of instruments, and legitimacy – as the key criteria against which to evaluate the normativity of the EU’s conduct. The universality element examines the level of international acceptance of the stated aims of EU action; the use of instruments element examines the EU’s participation limitations in relevant international institutions and the means (persuasion as opposed to coercion) through which it acts; and the legitimacy element examines the substance of the EU’s action in terms of legality, protection of common or self-interests, and coherence and consistency. The book draws upon extensive research into both the international and EU legal frameworks relating to fisheries and the EU’s practice in its external fisheries relations. It consecutively discusses four sets of challenges: (i) to the EU’s normativity posed by lack of membership in global institutions; (ii) created notwithstanding membership in other global or regional bodies; (iii) connected to multileveled coercive action and (iv) to accessing foreign fishing resources. It claims that, while the EU’s normativity depends greatly on its internal and external powers, it is the EU’s inability to freely wield these powers that damages its normativity. To act normatively, the EU primarily needs the full Member States’ support, as its present constitution prevents it from acting completely independently from them.The volume is aimed at academics and practitioners alike working in the area of fisheries globally but also on the EU’s external action more generally.Mihail Vatsov is Programme Manager with the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium.

This book examines how the EU and international law frameworks impact the EU’s ability to act normatively in its external action in the area of fisheries. The EU, a major fishing power, portrays itself as a normative actor and a champion of sustainable fishing. The volume reconceptualises the Normative Power Europe narrative by identifying three interrelated elements – universality, use of instruments, and legitimacy – as the key criteria against which to evaluate the normativity of the EU’s conduct. The universality element examines the level of international acceptance of the stated aims of EU action; the use of instruments element examines the EU’s participation limitations in relevant international institutions and the means (persuasion as opposed to coercion) through which it acts; and the legitimacy element examines the substance of the EU’s action in terms of legality, protection of common or self-interests, and coherence and consistency. The book draws upon extensive research into both the international and EU legal frameworks relating to fisheries and the EU’s practice in its external fisheries relations. It consecutively discusses four sets of challenges: (i) to the EU’s normativity posed by lack of membership in global institutions; (ii) created notwithstanding membership in other global or regional bodies; (iii) connected to multileveled coercive action and (iv) to accessing foreign fishing resources. It claims that, while the EU’s normativity depends greatly on its internal and external powers, it is the EU’s inability to freely wield these powers that damages its normativity. To act normatively, the EU primarily needs the full Member States’ support, as its present constitution prevents it from acting completely independently from them.The volume is aimed at academics and practitioners alike working in the area of fisheries globally but also on the EU’s external action more generally.Mihail Vatsov is Programme Manager with the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium.

This book delves into the integration of sustainability within the European Union’s external activities, emphasizing the necessity to weave 'sustainability' throughout its relations with third states and international organizations. Unique in its approach, this collective work brings together a diverse range of experts, each contributing a chapter that explores different facets of sustainability in the context of the EU’s increasing external actions. The pressing demands for sustainable development, as outlined in the EU Treaties—specifically Articles 3(5) and 21 of the TEU and Articles 11 and 191 of the TFEU—are examined through a compilation of theoretical analyses, legal dogmatic approaches, and detailed case studies. These contributions aim to offer a cohesive understanding of the legal implications and strategies for embedding sustainability into the EU’s external engagements, providing a multidisciplinary perspective on a critical global issue.Furthermore, the book critically examines how sustainability is operationalized within various EU external policies, providing readers with a deep dive into the mechanisms and outcomes of such integration. It addresses the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for the EU in maintaining its commitment to sustainability, making it a timely contribution to the discourse on global environmental policy and governance. Designed for scholars, legal practitioners, policymakers, and students interested in European Union law, sustainability, and external relations, this collective work serves as an essential resource. It offers a nuanced perspective on the complexities of legal frameworks that govern the EU’s sustainable external actions and their significant impact on global environmental governance.Ramses A. Wessel is a Professor of European Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Groningen.Jamile B. Mata Diz is a Professor of International Public Law and Coordinator of the Jean Monnet Center of Excellence of the Federal University of Minas Gerais.Júlia Péret T. Társia is a PhD Candidate at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.Saide Esra Akdogan is a lecturer and researcher at Wageningen University and Research.

This book delves into the integration of sustainability within the European Union’s external activities, emphasizing the necessity to weave 'sustainability' throughout its relations with third states and international organizations. Unique in its approach, this collective work brings together a diverse range of experts, each contributing a chapter that explores different facets of sustainability in the context of the EU’s increasing external actions. The pressing demands for sustainable development, as outlined in the EU Treaties—specifically Articles 3(5) and 21 of the TEU and Articles 11 and 191 of the TFEU—are examined through a compilation of theoretical analyses, legal dogmatic approaches, and detailed case studies. These contributions aim to offer a cohesive understanding of the legal implications and strategies for embedding sustainability into the EU’s external engagements, providing a multidisciplinary perspective on a critical global issue.Furthermore, the book critically examines how sustainability is operationalized within various EU external policies, providing readers with a deep dive into the mechanisms and outcomes of such integration. It addresses the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for the EU in maintaining its commitment to sustainability, making it a timely contribution to the discourse on global environmental policy and governance. Designed for scholars, legal practitioners, policymakers, and students interested in European Union law, sustainability, and external relations, this collective work serves as an essential resource. It offers a nuanced perspective on the complexities of legal frameworks that govern the EU’s sustainable external actions and their significant impact on global environmental governance.Ramses A. Wessel is a Professor of European Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Groningen.Jamile B. Mata Diz is a Professor of International Public Law and Coordinator of the Jean Monnet Center of Excellence of the Federal University of Minas Gerais.Júlia Péret T. Társia is a PhD Candidate at the Federal University of Minas Gerais.Saide Esra Akdogan is a lecturer and researcher at Wageningen University and Research.

This edited book investigates whether ─ and if so, to what extent ─ the European Union began to turn its recently uttered ambition of becoming a geopolitical Union into practice. It does so by bringing a range of scholars from various institutions and disciplines ─ among others, political science, European law, European studies ─ together, asking them whether in their specific field, they can observe a geopolitical turn in the European Union's policy-making. The result of this intellectual endeavour can be found in this book; a book that makes a first attempt at empirically testing the Union's ability to effectively respond to ever- and rapidly-changing conditions for conducting international politics in a rule-based system. The volume is divided into two separate, yet mutually informing, parts. Part I consists of a series of empirical chapters assessing the EU's actorness vis-à-vis other regional powers, regional and international organisations. This is followed by several empirical snapshots looking into specific policy areas in Part II. As we combine the insights from both parts, we attempt to contribute to the debate on the changing nature of the European Union in challenging times. Our approach, then, is primarily an empirical one. And yet, building upon these conclusions, we are able to also draw conceptual conclusions about the EU's increasing geopolitical nature, or the lack thereof. These conclusions make this a relevant read not only for academics, but also for practitioners of European law and European integration.Marek Neuman is Assistant Professor in EU Foreign Policy and Jean Monnet Chair of European Politics and Governance at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.Ramses A. Wessel is Professor of European Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.Thijs de Zee is a PhD Candidate at the Faculty Campus Fryslân of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.Chapter 3 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This edited book investigates whether ─ and if so, to what extent ─ the European Union began to turn its recently uttered ambition of becoming a geopolitical Union into practice. It does so by bringing a range of scholars from various institutions and disciplines ─ among others, political science, European law, European studies ─ together, asking them whether in their specific field, they can observe a geopolitical turn in the European Union's policy-making. The result of this intellectual endeavour can be found in this book; a book that makes a first attempt at empirically testing the Union's ability to effectively respond to ever- and rapidly-changing conditions for conducting international politics in a rule-based system. The volume is divided into two separate, yet mutually informing, parts. Part I consists of a series of empirical chapters assessing the EU's actorness vis-à-vis other regional powers, regional and international organisations. This is followed by several empirical snapshots looking into specific policy areas in Part II. As we combine the insights from both parts, we attempt to contribute to the debate on the changing nature of the European Union in challenging times. Our approach, then, is primarily an empirical one. And yet, building upon these conclusions, we are able to also draw conceptual conclusions about the EU's increasing geopolitical nature, or the lack thereof. These conclusions make this a relevant read not only for academics, but also for practitioners of European law and European integration.Marek Neuman is Assistant Professor in EU Foreign Policy and Jean Monnet Chair of European Politics and Governance at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.Ramses A. Wessel is Professor of European Law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.Thijs de Zee is a PhD Candidate at the Faculty Campus Fryslân of the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.Chapter 3 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.