Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation

Dr. Thomas Lillesand is a professor of engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has received the Alan Gordon Memorial Award from American Society of Photogrammetry for significant achievements in remote sensing and photographic interpretation as well as the Earle J. Fennell Award from the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and is on the academic board for the John C. Stennis Space Center. Dr. Lillesand has published over 125 works on remote sensing and his research interests include geographical information systems, natural resource management, and environmental monitoring.

“Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation by Lillesand, Kiefer, and Chipman is one of those three or four “must have” books that every remote sensing scientist has as part of their personal library.”  (Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 1 August 2015)

• 1Concepts and Foundations of Remote Sensing 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Energy Sources and Radiation Principles 41.3 Energy Interactions in the Atmosphere 91.4 Energy Interactions with Earth Surface Features 121.5 Data Acquisition and Digital Image Concepts 301.6 Reference Data 391.7 The Global Positioning System and Other Global Navigation Satellite Systems 431.8 Characteristics of Remote Sensing Systems 451.9 Successful Application of Remote Sensing 491.10 Geographic Information Systems (gis) 521.11 Spatial Data Frameworks for GIS and Remote Sensing 571.12 Visual Image Interpretation 592Elements of Photographic Systems 852.1 Introduction 852.2 Early History of Aerial Photography 862.3 Photographic Basics 892.4 Film Photography 992.5 Digital Photography 1152.6 Aerial Cameras 1182.7 Spatial Resolution of Camera Systems 1362.8 Aerial Videography 1432.9 Conclusion 1453Basic Principles of Photogrammetry 1463.1 Introduction 1463.2 Basic Geometric Characteristics of Aerial Photographs 1503.3 Photographic Scale 1593.4 Ground Coverage of Aerial Photographs 1643.5 Area Measurement 1673.6 Relief Displacement of Vertical Features 1703.7 Image Parallax 1773.8 Ground Control for Aerial Photography 1883.9 Determining the Elements of Exterior Orientation of Aerial Photographs 1893.10 Production of Mapping Products from Aerial Photographs 1943.11 Flight Planning 2103.12 Conclusion 2174Multispectral, Thermal, and Hyperspectral Sensing 2184.1 Introduction 2184.2 Across-Track Scanning 2194.3 Along-Track Scanning 2254.4 Example Across-Track Multispectral Scanner and Imagery 2264.5 Example Along-Track Multispectral Scanner and Imagery 2304.6 Geometric Characteristics of Across-Track Scanner Imagery 2324.7 Geometric Characteristics of Along-Track Scanner Imagery 2414.8 Thermal Imaging 2434.9 Thermal Radiation Principles 2454.10 Interpreting Thermal Imagery 2544.11 Radiometric Calibration of Thermal Images and Temperature Mapping 2654.12 FLIR Systems 2694.13 Hyperspectral Sensing 2714.14 Conclusion 2825Earth Resource Satellites Operating in the Optical Spectrum 2835.1 Introduction 2835.2 General Characteristics of Satellite Remote Sensing Systems Operating in the Optical Spectrum 2855.3 Moderate Resolution Systems 2955.4 Landsat-1 to - 7 2965.5 Landsat- 8 3095.6 Future Landsat Missions and the Global Earth Observation System of Systems 3225.7 SPOT-1 to - 5 3245.8 SPOT-6 and - 7 3365.9 Evolution of Other Moderate Resolution Systems 3395.10 Moderate Resolution Systems Launched prior to 1999 3405.11 Moderate Resolution Systems Launched since 1999 3425.12 High Resolution Systems 3495.13 Hyperspectral Satellite Systems 3565.14 Meteorological Satellites Frequently Applied to Earth Surface Feature Observation 3595.15 NOAA POES Satellites 3605.16 JPSS Satellites 3635.17 GOES Satellites 3665.18 Ocean Monitoring Satellites 3675.19 Earth Observing System 3715.20 Space Station Remote Sensing 3795.21 Space Debris 3826Microwave and Lidar Sensing 3856.1 Introduction 3856.2 Radar Development 3866.3 Imaging Radar System Operation 3896.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar 3996.5 Geometric Characteristics of Radar Imagery 4026.6 Transmission Characteristics of Radar Signals 4096.7 Other Radar Image Characteristics 4136.8 Radar Image Interpretation 4176.9 Interferometric Radar 4356.10 Radar Remote Sensing from Space 4416.11 Seasat-1 and the Shuttle Imaging Radar Missions 4436.12 Almaz- 1 4486.13 ERS, Envisat, and Sentinel- 1 4486.14 JERS-1, ALOS, and ALOS- 2 4506.15 Radarsat 4526.16 TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, and PAZ 4556.17 The COSMO-SkyMed Constellation 4576.18 Other High-Resolution Spaceborne Radar Systems 4586.19 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 4596.20 Spaceborne Radar System Summary 4626.21 Radar Altimetry 4646.22 Passive Microwave Sensing 4666.23 Basic Principles of Lidar 4716.24 Lidar Data Analysis and Applications 4756.25 Spaceborne Lidar 4827Digital Image Analysis 4857.1 Introduction 4857.2 Preprocessing of Images 4887.3 Image Enhancement 5007.4 Contrast Manipulation 5017.5 Spatial Feature Manipulation 5077.6 Multi-Image Manipulation 5177.7 Image Classification 5377.8 Supervised Classification 5387.9 The Classification Stage 5407.10 The Training Stage 5467.11 Unsupervised Classification 5567.12 Hybrid Classification 5607.13 Classification of Mixed Pixels 5627.14 The Output Stage and Postclassification Smoothing 5687.15 Object-Based Classification 5707.16 Neural Network Classification 5737.17 Classification Accuracy Assessment 5757.18 Change Detection 5827.19 Image Time Series Analysis 5877.20 Data Fusion and GIS Integration 5917.21 Hyperspectral Image Analysis 5987.22 Biophysical Modeling 6027.23 Conclusion 6088.13 Environmental Assessment and Protection 6658.14 Natural Disaster Assessment 6688.15 Principles of Landform Identification and Evaluation 6788.16 Conclusion 697Works Cited 6998Applications of Remote Sensing 6098.1 Introduction 6098.2 Land Use/Land Cover Mapping 6118.3 Geologic and Soil Mapping 6188.4 Agricultural Applications 6288.5 Forestry Applications 6328.6 Rangeland Applications 6388.7 Water Resource Applications 6398.8 Snow and Ice Applications 6498.9 Urban and Regional Planning Applications 6528.10 Wetland Mapping 6548.11 Wildlife Ecology Applications 6588.12 Archaeological Applications 662Index 709SI Units Frequently Used in Remote Sensing 720Appendices—Available online at www.wiley.com/college/lillesandAppendix A: Radiometric Concepts, Terminology, and UnitsAppendix B: Sample Coordinate Transformation and Resampling ProceduresAppendix C: Radar Signal Concepts, Terminology, and Units