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      1. Naturvetenskap och teknik
      2. Matematik och naturvetenskap
      3. Kemi

      Nucleation and Crystal Growth

      Metastability of Solutions and Melts

      AvKeshra Sangwal

      Inbunden, Engelska, 2018

      2 503 kr

      Beställningsvara. Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar. Fri frakt över 249 kr.

      Fler format och utgåvor

      E-bok

      2 702 kr

      E-bok

      2 821 kr

      Beskrivning

      A unique text presenting practical information on the topic of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and meltsNucleation and Crystal Growth is a groundbreaking text thatoffers an overview and description of the processes and phenomena associated with metastability of solutions and melts. The author—a noted expert in the field—puts the emphasis on low-temperature solutions that are typically involved in crystallization in a wide range of industries. The text begins with a review of the basic knowledge of solutions and the fundamentals of crystallization processes. The author then explores topics related to the metastable state of solutions and melts from the standpoint of three-dimensional nucleation and crystal growth.Nucleation and Crystal Growth is the first text that contains a unified description and discussion of the many processes and phenomena occurring in the metastable zone of solutions and melts from the consideration of basic concepts of structure of crystallization.  This important text: Outlines an interdisciplinary approach to the topic and offers an essential guide for crystal growth practitioners in materials science, physics, and chemical engineeringContains a comprehensive content that details the crystallization processes starting from the initial solutions and melts, all the way through nucleation, to the final crystal productsPresents a unique focus and is the first book on understanding, and exploiting, metastability of solutions and melts in crystallization processesWritten for specialists and researchers in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and chemical engineering. Nucleation and Crystal Growth is a practical resource filled with hands-on knowledge of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and melts.

      Produktinformation

      • Utgivningsdatum:2018-11-30
      • Mått:155 x 229 x 31 mm
      • Vikt:930 g
      • Format:Inbunden
      • Språk:Engelska
      • Antal sidor:512
      • Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
      • ISBN:9781119461579

      Utforska kategorier

      • Kemi inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
      • Tillverkningsteknik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

      Mer om författaren

      KESHRA SANGWAL is an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Applied Physics, Lublin University of Technology in Poland. The focus of his research is concentrated in the areas of elementary processes of nucleation, growth and dissolution of crystals, structure and properties of solutions, and the mechanical properties of crystalline and noncrystalline solids.

      Innehållsförteckning

      • Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xixList of Frequently Used Symbols xxi1 Structure and Properties of Liquids 11.1 Different States of Matter 11.2 Models of Liquid Structure 61.3 Water and Other Common Solvents 121.4 Properties of Solutions 151.4.1 The Solvation Process 171.4.2 The Concentration of Solutions 191.4.3 Density and Thermal Expansivity of Solutions 211.4.4 Viscosity of Solutions 271.5 Saturated Solutions 351.6 High-Temperature Solvents and Solutions 43References 462 Three-dimensional Nucleation of Crystals and Solute Solubility 492.1 Driving Force for Phase Transition 492.2 3D Nucleation of Crystals 542.2.1 Nucleation Barrier 552.2.2 Nucleation Rate 562.2.3 3D Heterogeneous Nucleation 602.3 Ideal and Real Solubility 632.3.1 Basic Concepts 632.3.2 Examples of Experimental Data 682.3.3 Mathematical Representation of Solute Solubility in Solvent Mixtures 762.4 Solute Solubility as a Function of Solvent–Mixture Composition 782.4.1 A Simple Practical Approach 782.4.2 Physical Interpretation of the δ Factor and Solvent Activity 872.4.3 Preferential Solvation of Solute by Solvents 892.5 Solid–Solvent Interfacial Energy 922.6 Solubility and Supersolubility 96References 1013 Kinetics and Mechanism of Crystallization 1053.1 Crystal Growth as a Kinetic Process 1063.2 Types of Crystal–Medium Interfaces 1073.3 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Roughening of Surfaces 1083.4 Growth Kinetics of Rough Faces 1113.5 Growth Kinetics of Perfect Smooth Faces 1123.6 Growth Kinetics of Imperfect Smooth Faces 1163.6.1 Surface Diffusion and Direct Integration Models 1173.6.2 Bulk Diffusion Models 1193.6.3 Growth at Edge Dislocations 1203.7 Simultaneous Bulk-Diffusion and Surface-Reaction Controlled Growth 1213.8 Effect of Impurities on Growth Kinetics 1233.9 Overall Crystallization 1273.9.1 Basic Theoretical Equations 1293.9.2 Polynuclear Crystallization 1333.9.2.1 Instantaneous Nucleation Mode 1343.9.2.2 Progressive Nucleation Mode 1353.9.2.3 Trends of Overall Crystallization Curves 1363.9.2.4 Some Comments on the KJMA Theory 1383.9.3 Mononuclear Crystallization 1393.9.4 Effect of Additives on Overall Crystallization 139References 1404 Phase Transformation and Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics 1454.1 Nucleation and Transformation of Metastable Phases 1464.1.1 Thermodynamics of Crystallization of Metastable Phases 1474.1.2 Transformation Kinetics of Metastable Phases 1514.1.3 Transformation of Metastable Phases According to KJMA Theory 1584.1.4 Effect of Solvent on Transformation of Metastable Phases 1604.2 Some Non-KJMAModels of Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics 1704.2.1 Approach Involving Formation of an Amorphous Precursor 1704.2.2 Model of Mazzanti, Marangoni, and Idziak 1754.2.3 Gompertz’s Model 1784.2.4 Model of Foubert, Dewettinck, Jansen, and Vanrolleghem 1794.3 Comparison of Different Models of Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics 181References 1865 Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics and the Metastable Zone Width 1895.1 Theoretical Interpretations of MSZW 1915.1.1 Nývlt’s Approach 1925.1.2 Kubota’s Approach 1945.1.3 Self-Consistent Nývlt-Like Equation of MSZW 1955.1.4 Approach Based on the Classical Theory of 3D Nucleation 1975.1.5 Approach Based on Progressive 3D Nucleation 1995.1.6 Approach Based on Instantaneous 3D Nucleation 2025.2 Experimental Results on MSZW of Solute−Solvent Systems 2025.2.1 Dependence of Dimensionless Supercooling on Cooling Rate 2045.2.2 Effect of Detection Technique on MSZW 2105.2.3 Relationships between β and Z and between Φ and F 2125.2.4 Relationship between Dimensionless F1 and Crystallization Temperature 2205.2.5 Dependence of Parameters Φ and F on Saturation Temperature T9 2225.2.6 Physical Significance of Esat and Its Relationship with ΔHs 2255.2.7 The Nucleation Order m 2305.3 Isothermal Crystallization 2325.4 Effect of Additives on MSZW of Solutions 2325.4.1 Some General Features 2335.4.2 Theoretical Considerations 2365.4.2.1 Approach Based on Classical Nucleation Theory 2365.4.2.2 Final Expressions for Analysis of Experimental Data 2385.4.3 Some Examples of Effect of Impurities on MSZW 2395.4.3.1 Boric Acid Aqueous Solutions 2395.4.3.2 KDP Aqueous Solutions 2445.4.3.3 POP-Acetone Solutions Containing PPP Additive 2465.4.4 Dependence of Maximum Supersaturation Ratio on Impurity Concentration 2505.4.5 Solute-Additive Binding Energies and MSZW of Systems 2525.5 Effects of Some Other Factors on MSZW of Solutions 2555.5.1 Effect of Stirring and Ultrasound on MSZW 2555.5.2 Effect of Solution Volume on MSZW 2555.6 Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics in Melts 259References 2606 Antisolvent Crystallization and the Metastable Zone Width 2676.1 Observation Techniques for Antisolvent Crystallization 2686.2 Light Intensity Measurements 2706.2.1 Some Experimental Data 2706.2.2 Processes Involved in Antisolvent Crystallization 2746.3 Temperature Measurements 2766.3.1 Some Experimental Data 2766.3.2 Kinetics of Temperature Increase 2796.3.3 Physical Interpretation of Temperature Changes of ADP Solutions with Antisolvent Feeding Time at Different Rates 2866.3.4 Origin of Two Minima and Maximum in Temperature Change ΔT During Antisolvent Crystallization 2876.3.5 Relationship Between Different Temperature Changes, Antisolvent Feeding Rate, and Antisolvent Content 2886.3.6 Comparison of Light-intensity and Temperature Measurements 2916.4 Effect of Antisolvent Composition on Nucleation Rate 2966.5 Different Approaches of MSZW 2986.5.1 Modified Nývlt-like Approach 2986.5.2 Kubota’s Approach 2996.5.3 Another Derivation of Nývlt-like Equation 3006.5.4 Approach Based on Classical Theory of 3D Nucleation 3026.6 Experimental Data of MSZW in Antisolvent Crystallization 3036.6.1 Analysis of Experimental Δxmax(RA) Data 3046.6.2 Effect of Detection Technique on MSZW 3126.6.3 Effect of Stirring on MSZW 3156.6.4 Threshold and Limiting Antisolvent Addition Rates 3186.7 Combined Antisolvent/Cooling Crystallization 319References 3217 Induction Period for Crystallization 3257.1 Theoretical Background 3277.1.1 Theoretical Interpretation of Induction Period 3287.1.2 Some Other Relations 3317.1.3 Basic Equations 3337.2 Induction Period for Isothermal Crystallization 3337.2.1 Crystallization from Solutions 3337.2.2 Crystallization from the Melt 3387.3 Induction Period in Antisolvent Crystallization 3437.4 Induction Period for Nonisothermal Crystallization 3457.4.1 Crystallization from Solutions 3457.4.2 Effect of Impurities on Crystallization from Solutions 3497.4.3 Crystallization from the Melt 354References 3588 Ostwald Ripening, Crystal Size Distribution, and Polymorph Selection 3618.1 Supersaturation Decay During Antisolvent Crystallization 3628.1.1 General Trends 3628.1.2 Kinetics of Supersaturation Decay 3628.1.3 Relationship between ConstantK and Antisolvent Feeding Rate RA 3678.2 Solvation and Desolvation Processes 3728.2.1 Origin of Minima in ΔTsw(t) Plots 3738.2.2 Kinetics of Evolution of Minima in ΔTsw(t) Plots 3748.3 Evolution of Desupersaturation Curves 3838.4 Crystal Morphology 3888.5 Growth Rate Dispersion 3968.6 Ostwald Ripening 3988.7 Crystal Size Distribution 4038.8 Control of Phase and Size of Crystallizing Particles 412References 4179 Glass Formation and Crystallization Processes 4239.1 Glass Formation by Cooling of Melts 4249.2 Temperature Dependence of Viscosity and the Glass Transition Temperature 4269.3 Composition Dependence of Glass Transition Temperature 4319.4 Relationship between Glass Transition Temperature and Metastable Zone Width of Solutions 4359.5 Metastable Zone Width of Melts and Glass Formation 4389.5.1 Derivation of Basic Equations 4389.5.2 Effect of Melt Viscosity and Additives on Z and F Parameters 4419.5.3 Calculations of RLlim, Z, F, and TN for Molten Elements and Electrolytes 4449.5.4 Relationship between Tg and Tm for Various Substances 4469.5.5 Comparison of Cooling Behavior of Melts and Electrolyte Solutions 449References 451Appendix A Volumetric Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Melts 453References 455Appendix B Relationship between αV and Other Physical Properties 457B.1 Molten Elements 457B.2 Molten Halite-Type Electrolytes 457Reference 461Appendix C Relationship between Densities dm of Molten Metals and Electrolytes and Atomic Mass M 463Reference 464Index 465
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