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Traditional medicine, which includes ethnobotanical research, has been initiated in many countries due to the valuable contribution of medicinal plants to healthcare. India, being one of the twelve mega biodiversity countries in the world, has a rich variety of vegetation with numerous plants possessing medicinal properties. Herbal medicines have proven to be effective in treating various diseases, including infectious diseases and hypertension, and have the potential to save lives, particularly in developing countries. Local and indigenous communities in Asian countries continue to rely on traditional knowledge to meet their basic needs, manufacturing and selling products based on plant resources. Herbal drugs obtained from plants are believed to be safer and have been proven effective in treating various ailments. Rural communities, especially scheduled caste tribes, depend on plant resources for food, medicine, fodder, and fuel, and have developed methods of resource management that are fundamental to the conservation of important habitats. The aim of this book is to popularize the ethno medicinal plants species used by the tribals in Kalahandi district, Orissa, and to preserve the traditional medical practices of the local tribes. This will help protect the traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples from disappearing and contribute to the sustainable use of biological resources.
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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), established by the Kyoto Protocol, aimed to connect carbon markets with sustainable development objectives in developing countries. By doing so, carbon sequestration became a globally traded commodity, offering potential economic benefits to land managers. Unlike traditional development models that rely on deferred and dispersed benefit streams, the new carbon market model presents an opportunity to directly link land management and natural resource conservation with specific and immediate market incentives. Studies show that carbon markets can serve as a catalyst for increased tree planting and improved forest management, thereby realizing the multiple benefits of forestry and agroforestry systems. The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) has seen a significant increase in corporate participation, with more than six million trades taking place per month. According to a recent summary of the State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2006 prepared for the World Bank BioCarbon Fund, the carbon market is experiencing rapid growth. This book examines the concept of CDM and other forestry-based carbon finance mechanisms introduced by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and their impact on carbon markets. It also presents a brief analysis of the growth of the carbon market in India, including its current status and future prospects. The book provides a detailed account of Afforestation and Reforestation CDM Projects, including the A/R Project Design Document by the UNFCCC, in a simplified and concise manner for better understanding of the procedure as a reference guide.