Christine Klock – författare
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Essay from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Abertay Dundee, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this essay is to give an overview of the development in management of quality over the last six decades. Today's business environment is such that management must plan strategically in order to regain market share. An aim of companies is to satisfy the customer's needs and desires before the competition will do so. Over years the direction and visions in organisations changed, one significant reason is the quality movement. This has a deeply impact of the policies, attitudes, and operations of organisations. However, the essay will discuss the four phases of quality management: Inspection, quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management. Further, there are a number of tools for management in order to reach their objectives of which some will be presented. In the early 1900s the Jobs of the employees, characterised by Taylorism, were broken down into their fundamental structures in order to increase efficiency and productivity. This division of labour formed repetitive jobs in which the employee has to work and follow the instruction of the management in order to give attention to the maximisation of the output. Only the management were setting the rules and were allowed to change the way of work through the calculation and analysis of job records, instruction cards, etc., and through time and motion studies on the shop floor (Hutchins 1985). The information system was often not standardised and informal. Further, since there was very little conversation, there was very little real recognition that each dealt with aspects of the same difficulty. Furthermore, Beardwell (1994) explained that the work was monotone, demotivating and inhumane because it offers no challenging and satisfying tasks. In the first stage, the inspection phase of development in quality management, factories determined quality by comparing their manufactured product to some master part. If the produced good did not equal the master entirely, a team of inspectors carried it out. The inspectors took samples of the manufactured parts, but could not inspect all of them. As a result, the quality of inspection was low and not very productive. The quality inspection was technical focused. For example, the mass producer of automobile Ford used a method of industrial management based on assembly line systems and caused in this time a lot of waste and the deterioration in the quality of the products was extremely high.
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Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0 (A), University of Abertay Dundee, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to focus on franchising and to examine, if franchising is a good strategy for a company operating throughout Europe. In order to find an answer to this question further sub-tasks have to be researched. It will identify the characteristics of the franchise system and its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, why franchising is a useful hybrid organisational form for organisations to entry, be in business and to expand without enormous financial resources. Moreover, criteria in terms of transaction costs and resource scarcity will be explained. Once a company decides to go abroad and to target a certain European country, it has to develop and determine a strategy to enter the new market. There are several methods a company can use, for example indirect, exporting, direct exporting, licensing, franchising, joint ventures, direct investment and informal networks. Considering as a case study the corporate strategy of the Italian company Benetton, it will be analysed, if franchising is a successful mode to be used in business and to expand throughout Europe. Here is to be added that the analysis of the franchise system of Benetton will occur exclusively through the selection of the most important characteristics of a franchising strategy highlighted in chapter three. An extension of this selection would go beyond the scope of this project. The dissertation consists of (including this introduction chapter one) six chapters. Chapter two encompasses the theoretical framework. Here, agency theory and transaction costs analysis will be explained. The agency theory will be used to explain the business relationship between franchisor and franchisee. Coase developed in 1937 the transaction costs analysis which was further developed by Williamson (Williamson and Masten 1999, p.181), however, this approach could explain the importance for organisations to find the suitable coordination structures, whether be it vertical integration, non-vertical integration, or a hybrid form that includes elements of both. Furthermore, the agency theory and the transaction costs analysis will be applied to franchising. Accordingly, franchising as a hybrid organisational form will be explained in detail. In chapter three the trend of franchising in Europe will be analysed and the international franchise concept with its advantages and disadvantages will be explained. This involves the master franchising.