Gisela Schneider – författare

Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - Topic: International Organisations, grade: 1 (A), Southern Cross University, Lismore (Politics), course: Peace, War and International Politics, language: English, abstract: The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945 by the five victorypowers of World War II - China, France, the United Kingdom, The United States ofAmerica and the former Soviet Union to maintain the post-war peace. Its Charterwas drawn up by representatives of fifty countries and ratified by the original andpermanent members. According to Article 1 of the Charter, the UN s primarypurpose is to maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to takeeffective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to thepeace 1. Today, 191 states are members of the global organization and subscribethemselves to the UN Charter to share the responsibility for international peaceand security. The Charter established six principle organs, of which the Security Councilis the most important with the primary responsibility to settle different kinds ofconflicts to maintain the global peace and security. While other organs makerecommendations to governments, the Council alone has the power to takedecisions and initiate actions including the use of force, which Member States areobligated under the Charter to carry out. The Security Councils consists of 15 Member States: the five permanentones, which can veto any draft resolution on substantive matters reflecting theassumption that the major powers would act together to provide collective globalsecurity, and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year periods. When acomplaint concerning a threat to peace is brought before it, the Council usuallyrecommends the parties several peace-making methods like negotiation,investigation or mediation to reach agreement by peaceful means. When adispute gets worse or leads to fighting it is empowered to call for cease-fires,order economic sanctions, and even authorize military action against anaggressor on behalf of the UN. One tool for maintaining international peace andsecurity not embodied in the Charter is the use of peacekeeping forces to preventexisting dispute from reigniting using force only in self-defence, and operating ina neutral and impartial way with the consent of the parties to disputes 2. Unfortunately, administrative and budgetary constraints limit the UN scapacity to respond to every serious threat to peace. [...]1 United Nations, Divided World the UN s Roles in International Relations , 1996, p.500.

Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1 (A), Southern Cross University, Lismore (Marketing), course: Electronic Marketing, language: English, abstract: Since the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1995, the Internet has changed the way the world disseminates information. It became a global medium for the distribution and exchange of information among the users. Today it is a fast and cost effective vehicle for worldwide communication business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C) or customer-to-customer (C2C). Every day companies, organizations, networks or individuals try to develop a presence on the web, competing for attention across the look of their site. The quality of the presentation in combination with different techniques and technologies determines the success or failure (meaning: will the user stay or go) of the presented subject. To evaluate the effectiveness of a web site, several evaluation tools have been made up in the last years. The purpose of this report is to give an overview of key aspects to use when to evaluate a website and how they can be applied. Four chosen websites will be described and evaluated by means of a grading rubric. Furthermore it will be identified and demonstrated on the examples how many different tools and techniques can be used by a marketer to create an efficient image of a company in the public.

Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2 (B), Southern Cross University, Lismore (Marketing), course: Electronic Marketing, language: English, abstract: The Internet has changed the way the world disseminates information since the introduction of the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1995. It became a global medium for the distribution and exchange of information among the users. Especially for Universities, competing for attention of international students, it is a crucial tool to reflect their programs and services offered in a highly competitive environment of thousands of Universities worldwide. As prospective students tend to inform themselves primarily over the Internet, the quality of the presentation in combination with different techniques and technologies determines the success or failure of getting international students. This report presents an Internet Marketing Plan for improving the existing website of the International Office, Southern Cross University (SCU), Lismore, New South Wales, Australia. The International Office s website s objective is to reflect their services and the programs offered by the SCU in the best way. As the environmental analysis shows, they are acting in a highly competitive environment with 47 Australian institutions for higher education with an increasing demand on the part of international students, representing an increase of 17.5 percent in 2001 with increasing tendency since 1992. A reason for this is that study abroad experience is nowadays a required experience for a successful career. The SWOT analysis shows, that the website is not using their whole competencies as the information displayed does not take into consideration the needs of international students. Additional lacking or not updated information confuses and often frustrates the International Offices target market: The potential international student. Therefore, objectives are to improve the website and to increase enrolments of international students at SCU from 7 per cent up to 10 per cent in 2005. Underlying goals for those objectives are to create a more informative and importantly up to date site, to offer a forum for feedback from students, as well as a system for identifying how often the site is used and to reinforce corporate identity with the SCU homepage. The improved site will service students throughout their experience with the University, developing a long-term relationship with the office staff, students, and prospective Universities.

Essay from the year 2002 in the subject Politics - Region: Australia, New Zealand, grade: 1 (A), Southern Cross University, Lismore (Politics), course: Peace, War and international Politics, language: English, abstract: In an era of globalisation, the gap between rich and poor is growing. Mass poverty is still one of the most important economic and social problems. To reduce the existing inequalities, economic assistance of the richer countries is needed. This procedure is often part of the foreign policy of a country's government and is called foreign aid or also official development assistance (ODA). It comes in a variety of forms like grants, loans, export credits or technical and military assistance and can be used for a variety of purposes. In June 1992, the world s richest countries, including Australia, recognized at the Earth Summit in Rio that poverty alleviation was crucial to global sustainable development and therefore reaffirmed their commitment to the United Nations (UN) [aid] target of 0.7 per cent Gross National Product (GNP) . While the world s richest countries steadily increase their wealth, aid to developing countries however declines. In 2000, the average of given aid was at about 0.24 per cent GNP whereat only Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden met the UN target. One of the reasons for this development is certainly the fact that aid is rather used for economic purposes than devoted to the ethical and selfless commitment for direct poverty reduction in countries which need the money most. This fact and the incorrect allocation may be the reason that over the past fifty years the sum of $1 trillion in aid given to poor countries has mostly failed. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate the difference between what is actually happening and what, in my opinion, should be happening concerning Australia s response to foreign aid. As said, Australia s aid budget is not meeting the UN target. From a moral point of view, the country s government therefore should spend a higher amount for development purposes, reallocate the distribution of aid and follow a framework of ethical principles. I will fortify this thesis with an overview of the countries past and actual approaches to development assistance programs, which are mainly shaped by a realistic mentality and therefore are seen as controversial. I will further focus on the countries biggest moral dilemma, the fact of the inseparability of human rights and economic interest which has essential influence on their distribution of aid. This is also connected to controversial debates raised in the national and international context, which will be evaluated under an ethical point of view.