Giuseppe Vacca – författare

Antonio Gramsci lived the Great War as a “historic break,” a profound experience that left an indelible mark on the development of his political thought. Translated into English for the first time, Alternative Modernities reconstructs and analyses this critical period of Gramsci’s intellectual formation through a systematic analysis of his writings from 1915 to 1935. For Gramsci, Soviet Communism, “Americanism,” and the “new” Fascist State were the principle responses to the crisis of the old world order. He portrayed them as the three protagonists of twentieth-century modernity, alternatives destined to tragically clash in the worldwide struggle for hegemony. Among the arguments in his Prison Notebooks, Gramsci casts doubt on the political strategy of Soviet Communism and the theoretical underpinnings of “official Marxism.” Instead, he suggests a radical revision of Marxism by breathing life into a new interpretation whose fundamental concepts are: politics as the struggle for hegemony, the “passive revolution” as a historical paradigm of modernity, and the philosophy of praxis as the welding between visions of the worlds, historical analyses, and political strategies. Gramsci’s intuitions culminate in a new theory of the political subject, supported by a reflection upon the 20th century that still speaks to us today, pointing the way toward a new narrative of world history.

Antonio Gramsci lived the Great War as a “historic break,” a profound experience that left an indelible mark on the development of his political thought. Translated into English for the first time, Alternative Modernities reconstructs and analyses this critical period of Gramsci’s intellectual formation through a systematic analysis of his writings from 1915 to 1935. For Gramsci, Soviet Communism, “Americanism,” and the “new” Fascist State were the principle responses to the crisis of the old world order. He portrayed them as the three protagonists of twentieth-century modernity, alternatives destined to tragically clash in the worldwide struggle for hegemony. Among the arguments in his Prison Notebooks, Gramsci casts doubt on the political strategy of Soviet Communism and the theoretical underpinnings of “official Marxism.” Instead, he suggests a radical revision of Marxism by breathing life into a new interpretation whose fundamental concepts are: politics as the struggle for hegemony, the “passive revolution” as a historical paradigm of modernity, and the philosophy of praxis as the welding between visions of the worlds, historical analyses, and political strategies. Gramsci’s intuitions culminate in a new theory of the political subject, supported by a reflection upon the 20th century that still speaks to us today, pointing the way toward a new narrative of world history.

Antonio Gramsci lived the Great War as a “historic break,” a profound experience that left an indelible mark on the development of his political thought. Translated into English for the first time, Alternative Modernities reconstructs and analyses this critical period of Gramsci’s intellectual formation through a systematic analysis of his writings from 1915 to 1935. For Gramsci, Soviet Communism, “Americanism,” and the “new” Fascist State were the principle responses to the crisis of the old world order. He portrayed them as the three protagonists of twentieth-century modernity, alternatives destined to tragically clash in the worldwide struggle for hegemony. Among the arguments in his Prison Notebooks, Gramsci casts doubt on the political strategy of Soviet Communism and the theoretical underpinnings of “official Marxism.” Instead, he suggests a radical revision of Marxism by breathing life into a new interpretation whose fundamental concepts are: politics as the struggle for hegemony, the “passive revolution” as a historical paradigm of modernity, and the philosophy of praxis as the welding between visions of the worlds, historical analyses, and political strategies. Gramsci’s intuitions culminate in a new theory of the political subject, supported by a reflection upon the 20th century that still speaks to us today, pointing the way toward a new narrative of world history.

Numerosos términos del pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci, como "hegemonía" y "revolución pasiva", han sido frecuentemente malinterpretados y erróneamente empleados a lo largo del siglo XX, circunstancia que ha oscurecido su significado y dificultado su comprensión para los estudiosos de su obra. Con la finalidad de precisar éstas y otras nociones gramscianas, Giuseppe Vacca realiza un repaso por los escritos de su paisano para indagar sobre la aparición y el desarrollo de sus conceptos. Una vez aclaradas las posiciones del pensador italiano, se sumerge en las dimensiones más propiamente filosóficas de su discurso y conduce al lector por una reflexión acerca de cómo la constitución de sujetos y la traducibilidad del lenguaje llevaron a la creación del "americanismo", el comunismo y el fascismo, y de que a pesar del paso del tiempo las ideas de Gramsci pueden ser trasladadas y aplicadas al siglo XXI.

Figura insoslayable del pensamiento político contemporáneo, en Antonio Gramsci confluyen el filósofo y el periodista, el historiador y el político, el crítico literario y cultural. Elegido diputado en abril de 1924 y secretario del Partido Comunista de Italia poco después, el genial sardo fue condenado por un Tribunal Especial fascista a veinte años de reclusión en junio de 1928. Tras años de malos tratos y confinamiento que acabarían por minar su frágil salud, falleció en Roma en 1937.Es justamente en su última década de vida, años de prisión y aislamiento –salvo por las visitas de su cuñada Tatiana Schucht, salvo por Piero Sraffa–, distante la familia y cada vez más alejado de su partido, cuando Gramsci reconstruye, auxiliado por sus lecturas, todo un mundo intelectual, propio, que alumbrará los portentosos Cuadernos de la cárcel. Marxista heterodoxo, su arrojo intelectual, sus preocupaciones por el lenguaje, por la cultura, por las clases populares (subalternas), hacen de su obra, gestada en tan difíciles condiciones, un referente inexcusable para todas las izquierdas.Giuseppe Vacca, a quien debemos algunas de las contribuciones más sobresalientes sobre Gramsci, combina magistralmente biografía y exégesis intelectual y política en esta obra, una admirable pesquisa sobre lo que Gramsci pudo pensar, pudo escribir, pudo escrutar.