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With Translated Reprints by O KleinThe Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures, instituted in 1988 and supported by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences through its Nobel Committee for Physics, are given at Stockholm University in Sweden, where Oskar Klein was professor in Theoretical Physics 1930-1962.Volume 1 contains the 1988 lectures on “Symmetry and Physics” and “From the Bethe-Hulthén Hypothesis to the Yang-Baxter Equation,” given by C N Yang, Nobel Prize winner (1957) and professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. The 1989 lectures on “Beyond the Standard Models,” referring to models for cosmology and elementary particles, and on “Precision Tests of Quantum Mechanics” were given by Steven Weinberg, Nobel Prize winner (1979) and professor at the University of Texas at Austin. The volume also contains translations of some of Klein's original papers, one on intermediate charged fields (original in French, 1938), another on five-dimensional quantum theory (”Kaluza-Klein theory,” original in German, 1926). A scientific biography of Klein, written by Professors I. Fischer- Hjalmars and B Laurent, who both knew Klein well, is included as well as an autobiography by Klein.

With Translated Reprints by O KleinThe Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures, instituted in 1988 and supported by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences through its Nobel Committee for Physics, are given at Stockholm University in Sweden, where Oskar Klein was professor in Theoretical Physics 1930-1962.Volume 1 contains the 1988 lectures on “Symmetry and Physics” and “From the Bethe-Hulthén Hypothesis to the Yang-Baxter Equation,” given by C N Yang, Nobel Prize winner (1957) and professor at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. The 1989 lectures on “Beyond the Standard Models,” referring to models for cosmology and elementary particles, and on “Precision Tests of Quantum Mechanics” were given by Steven Weinberg, Nobel Prize winner (1979) and professor at the University of Texas at Austin. The volume also contains translations of some of Klein's original papers, one on intermediate charged fields (original in French, 1938), another on five-dimensional quantum theory (”Kaluza-Klein theory,” original in German, 1926). A scientific biography of Klein, written by Professors I. Fischer- Hjalmars and B Laurent, who both knew Klein well, is included as well as an autobiography by Klein.

Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1981-1990 with a description of the works which won them their prizes:(1981) N BLOEMBERGEN & A L SCHAWLOW — for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy; K M SIEGBAHN — for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy; (1982) K G WILSON — for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions; (1983) S CHANDRASEKHAR — for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars; W A FOWLER — for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe; (1984) C RUBBIA & S VAN DER MEER — for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction; (1985) K VON KLITZING — for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect; (1986) E RUSKA — for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope; G BINNIG & H ROHRER — for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope; (1987) J G BEDNORZ & K A MUELLER — for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials; (1988) L M LEDERMAN, M SCHWARTZ & J STEINBERGER — for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino; (1989) N F RAMSAY — for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks; H G DEHMELT & W PAUL — for the development of the ion trap technique; (1990) J I FRIEDMAN, H W KENDALL & R E TAYLOR — for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.

Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1981-1990 with a description of the works which won them their prizes:(1981) N BLOEMBERGEN & A L SCHAWLOW — for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy; K M SIEGBAHN — for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy; (1982) K G WILSON — for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions; (1983) S CHANDRASEKHAR — for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars; W A FOWLER — for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe; (1984) C RUBBIA & S VAN DER MEER — for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction; (1985) K VON KLITZING — for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect; (1986) E RUSKA — for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope; G BINNIG & H ROHRER — for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope; (1987) J G BEDNORZ & K A MUELLER — for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials; (1988) L M LEDERMAN, M SCHWARTZ & J STEINBERGER — for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino; (1989) N F RAMSAY — for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks; H G DEHMELT & W PAUL — for the development of the ion trap technique; (1990) J I FRIEDMAN, H W KENDALL & R E TAYLOR — for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.

The series of Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures is a must-read for those keenly involved or simply interested in exploring the many fascinating aspects of Physics. This volume presents two landmark lectures given by Hans Bethe in October 1990 and Alan H. Guth in June 1991 under the series of Oskar Klein Memorial Lectures. Hans Bethe's lectures dealt with two themes: the astrophysical importance of neutrinos in supernova outbursts and a theoretical account of neutrinos through observations of the neutrino flux from the centre of the sun. Anyone interested in understanding the processes involved in the collapse and explosion of a large star would certainly find this book enlightening. Alan H. Guth's lecture dealt with the various aspects of the origin of the universe — a topic which never fails to intrigue. The originator of the inflation scenario for the Big Bang theory, Guth has included his latest observations on the COBE satellite and their theoretical interpretation in this lecture. Anyone wishing to grasp the essentials of these ideas, will find in Guth's lecture a wealth of knowledge. This volume also presents for the first time in English the original derivation of the Klein-Nishima formula for Compton scattering and an account of the “Klein Paradox”. A special study reveals interesting facts on the callaboration between Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishima in 1928 and further, surprising facts on the treatment by the Nobel Committee for Physics of the prize to A H Compton in 1927. Some translated autobiographic texts have also been included to acquaint the reader with Klein's interest in cosmology and his attempts to find the driving force behind the expanding system of galaxies, what Klein termed the Meta-galaxy.

This volume is a collection of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prizewinners, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches for the period 1991 - 1995. Each Nobel Lecture is based on the work that won the prize. These volumes of inspiring lectures by outstanding physicists should be on the bookshelf of every keen student, teacher and professor of physics as well as of those in related fields.Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1991 - 1995 with a description of the works which won them their prizes.(1991) P-G de GENNES-for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers; (1992) G CHARPAK - for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber; (1993) R A HULSE & J-H TAYLOR JR. - for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation; (1994) B N BROCKHOUSE — for the development of neutron spectroscopy; C G SHULL — for the development of the neutron diffraction technique; (1995) M L PERL — for the discovery of the tau lepton; F REINES — for the detection of the neutrino.

This volume is a collection of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prizewinners, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches for the period 1991 - 1995. Each Nobel Lecture is based on the work that won the prize. These volumes of inspiring lectures by outstanding physicists should be on the bookshelf of every keen student, teacher and professor of physics as well as of those in related fields.Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1991 - 1995 with a description of the works which won them their prizes.(1991) P-G de GENNES-for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers; (1992) G CHARPAK - for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber; (1993) R A HULSE & J-H TAYLOR JR. - for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation; (1994) B N BROCKHOUSE — for the development of neutron spectroscopy; C G SHULL — for the development of the neutron diffraction technique; (1995) M L PERL — for the discovery of the tau lepton; F REINES — for the detection of the neutrino.

This volume is a collection of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prizewinners, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches for the period 1996 - 2000. Each Nobel Lecture is based on the work that won the prize. This volume of inspiring lectures by outstanding physicists should be on the bookshelf of every keen student, teacher and professor of physics as well as of those in related fields.Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1996 - 2000 with a description of the works which won them their prizes.(1996) D M LEE, D D OSHEROFF & R C RICHARDSON — for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3; (1997) S CHU, C COHEN-TANNOUDJI & W D PHILLIPS — for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light; (1998) R B LAUGHLIN, H L STÖRMER & D C TSUI — for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations; (1999) G 't HOOFT & M J G VELTMAN — for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics; (2000) Z I ALFEROV & H KROEMER — for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and opto-electronics and; J S KILBY — for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit.

This volume is a collection of the Nobel Lectures delivered by the prizewinners, together with their biographies, portraits and the presentation speeches for the period 1996 - 2000. Each Nobel Lecture is based on the work that won the prize. This volume of inspiring lectures by outstanding physicists should be on the bookshelf of every keen student, teacher and professor of physics as well as of those in related fields.Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 1996 - 2000 with a description of the works which won them their prizes.(1996) D M LEE, D D OSHEROFF & R C RICHARDSON — for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3; (1997) S CHU, C COHEN-TANNOUDJI & W D PHILLIPS — for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light; (1998) R B LAUGHLIN, H L STÖRMER & D C TSUI — for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations; (1999) G 't HOOFT & M J G VELTMAN — for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics; (2000) Z I ALFEROV & H KROEMER — for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and opto-electronics and; J S KILBY — for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit.

This volume is a collection of the Nobel lectures delivered by the prizewinners, together with their biographies and the presentation speeches for the period 2001 - 2005. Each Nobel lecture is based on the work for which the laureate was awarded the prize. This volume of inspiring lectures by outstanding physicists should be on the bookshelf of every keen student, teacher and professor of physics as well as of those in related fields.Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 2001 - 2005 with a description of the works which won them their prizes.(2001) Eric A Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle & Carl E Wieman — for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates; (2002) Raymond Davis Jr, Masatoshi Koshiba — for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos & Riccardo Giacconi — for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources; (2003) Alexei A Abrikosov, Vitaly L Ginzburg & Anthony J Leggett — for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids; (2004) David J Gross, H David Politzer & Frank Wilczek — for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction; (2005) Roy J Glauber, John L Hall & Theodor W Hänsch — for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique.

This volume is a collection of the Nobel lectures delivered by the prizewinners, together with their biographies and the presentation speeches for the period 2001 - 2005. Each Nobel lecture is based on the work for which the laureate was awarded the prize. This volume of inspiring lectures by outstanding physicists should be on the bookshelf of every keen student, teacher and professor of physics as well as of those in related fields.Below is a list of the prizewinners during the period 2001 - 2005 with a description of the works which won them their prizes.(2001) Eric A Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle & Carl E Wieman — for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates; (2002) Raymond Davis Jr, Masatoshi Koshiba — for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos & Riccardo Giacconi — for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources; (2003) Alexei A Abrikosov, Vitaly L Ginzburg & Anthony J Leggett — for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids; (2004) David J Gross, H David Politzer & Frank Wilczek — for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction; (2005) Roy J Glauber, John L Hall & Theodor W Hänsch — for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique.