Hans von Holst – författare

The focus of this book is to present the latest aspects in the area of human behavior and its relation to planning of an optimal traffic safety. The contributions from authors in various disciplines such as scientists, medical practitioners, administrators and practitioners from the car industry examine how road-user behavior can cause accidents and how decision-makers from various sectors of society may influence road users' behavior. The development of modern vehicles and new traffic systems requires more sophisticated behavior and technology. New medical technologies such as improved neuropsychologic methods and descriptive mapping of behavior with imaging techniques facilitate the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of human behavior. The increased knowledge of normal and pathologic behavior contributes to strenghten primary prevention with the goal of reducing traffic accidents.

Hans von Holst Royal Institute of Technology, WHO Collaborating Center, Sweden Ake Nygren Karolinska Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Sweden Ake E. Andersson Institute for Futures Studies, Sweden n a recent study initiated by Harvard University, World Bank and I World Health Organization it was concluded that road injuries will be ranked from number 9 today to number 3 within the next two to three decades if authorities all over the world do not pay more attention to this significant problem. Injuries in traffic do not only concern the patient himself but also the relatives from an emotional point of view and the society from a socio­ economic point. Both emerging markets and industrial countries have significant experi­ ence of the events following a traffic accident. Much effort has been directed towards transportation of the victim from the scene of the accident to intensive care unit in the hospital. Simultaneously, the awareness of our knowledge about how these injuries should be prevented is striking. The focus of this second book of transportation, traffic safety and health is to further present some of the latest aspects in the area of mobility and its rela­ tion to planning of an optimal traffic safety with respect to our present knowl­ edge in the field. The volume contains a collection of contributions presented of scientists, clinicians and administrators at The Second International Conference on Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health, held in Brussels, Belgium, 1996.

Hans von Holst Royal Institute of Technology, WHO Collaborating Center, Sweden Ake Nygren Karolinska Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Sweden Ake E. Andersson Institute for Futures Studies, Sweden n a recent study initiated by Harvard University, World Bank and I World Health Organization it was concluded that road injuries will be ranked from number 9 today to number 3 within the next two to three decades if authorities all over the world do not pay more attention to this significant problem. Injuries in traffic do not only concern the patient himself but also the relatives from an emotional point of view and the society from a socio­ economic point. Both emerging markets and industrial countries have significant experi­ ence of the events following a traffic accident. Much effort has been directed towards transportation of the victim from the scene of the accident to intensive care unit in the hospital. Simultaneously, the awareness of our knowledge about how these injuries should be prevented is striking. The focus of this second book of transportation, traffic safety and health is to further present some of the latest aspects in the area of mobility and its rela­ tion to planning of an optimal traffic safety with respect to our present knowl­ edge in the field. The volume contains a collection of contributions presented of scientists, clinicians and administrators at The Second International Conference on Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health, held in Brussels, Belgium, 1996.

Ake Nygren Karolinska Institute, Sweden would like to welcome you on behalf of Karolinska Institute, I one of the organizers and initiators of this series of confer- ences on traffic safety. The conference we are opening today is the fourth in the series. Karolinska Institute is the largest medical university in Sweden. It is dedicated to improving health through research, educa- tion and dissemination of information and ideas. The series on traffic safety is one of the ways in which we are disseminating information and ideas on an international front. Karolinska Institute is 190 years old. The Medico Chirurgiska Institute was originally established in 1811 by royal decree after wars and cholera epidemics. In 1822, it became known by the name "Carolinska" . Amongst many other international endeavors, Karolinska Institute is perhaps best known for the nomination and appointments of Nobel Prize winners in medicine and physiology. Under the terms of Alfred Nobel's will, the prize winners are nominated and chosen by the Nobel Assembly of Karolinska Institute.During the hundred years that the prize has been in existence, several researchers from Karolinska Institute have become laureates. These are Hugo Theorell in 1955; Ragnar Granit in 1967; Ulf von Euler in 1970; and Sune Bergstrom and Bengt Samuelsson in 1982. In 1987, the medicine prize was awarded to Tonegawa from v Japan and in 1994 the literature prize was awarded to Oe Kenzaburo.

Minister Ines Uusmann The Swedish Ministry of Transport and Communication The post-industrial society is to a great extent characterized by a tremendous growth in transportation. The freedom to move is a central and fundamental human value. Transportation together with communication are the most important prerequi­ sites for increasing the level of human interaction and mobility over time and space, giving us the possi­ bility to seek knowledge, experience and social con­ tacts. At the same time that mo­ bility has increased we have also witnessed an associ­ ated growth in health prob­ lems. The number of seri­ ous injuries and fatalities caused by road traffic is un­ acceptable. Great efforts have been made to reduce these figures and a down­ ward trend has been visible in most countries over the last 20 years. Still, there re­ mains lots to be done. VI Minister Ines Uusmann The road transport infrastructure is the least forgiving human­ machine system used by people today. In Sweden it kills and causes long-term injuries to approximately five percent of the popula­ tion. In some countries this figure is over twenty percent. Unlike more modem human-machine systems the road system relies upon individuals following norms, laws and rules that are in force. It is taken for granted that people are sensible, careful and always make the right decisions.