Hirotaka Nakayama – författare

These proceedings include papers presented at the VII-th Internatio­ nal Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making which was held in Kyoto/Japan on August 18-22, 1986. Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) has been a greatly import­ ant subject in many practical fields, for example, in planning, design, control and management in both private and public sectors. After remark­ able developments of theory, methodology and pilot case studies in rec­ ent years, it is now facing the stage of real applications and develop­ ment of more sophisticated methodology as interactive intelligent decision support systems. The conference aimed to provide a significant contribu­ tion to the future of MCDM as one of total systems including human factors: Substantial emphasis was given to knowledge engineering and cognitive sci­ ence. The conference inherits the tradition and the style of the previous conferences: (1) Jouy-en-Josas/France (1975), (2) Buffalo/U.S.A. (1977), (3) Konigswinter/FRG (1978), (4) Delaware/U.S.A. (1980), (5) Mons/Belgium (1982), (6) Cleveland/U.S.A. (1984). This time a great many Japanese com­ panies provided grants for the conference. As a result, the total number of participants was over 120, and a computer demonstration could be reali­ zed on an extensive scale as well as the conference sessions. Throughout the conference, it was observed that MCDM is making steady progress not only in theory but also as a tool for decision support.

In the past, technological as well as economic forces dominated the evolution of industrial structures: these factors have been treated extensively in numerous studies. However, another major factor which has begun to have a decisive influ­ ence on the performance of the chemical industry is technological risk and public and environmental health considerations, in particular those related to toxic and hazardous substances used in industrial production processes. The issues of con­ trolling process risk, waste streams, and potential environmental consequences of accidental or routine release of hazardous chemicals are rapidly gaining in impor­ tance vis CI vis narrow economic considerations, and are increasingly reflected in national and international legislation. In the context of several ongoing R&D projects aiming at the development of a new generation of tools for "intelligent" decision support, two related problem areas that have been identified are: (i) Structuring the industry or plant for the minimum cost of production as well as least risk - e.g., toxicity of chemicals involved. In this multi-criteria framework, we seek to resolve the conflict between industrial structure or plant design established by economic considerations and the one shaped by environmental concerns. This can be formulated as a design problem for nor­ mal production conditions. In section 3.1. and 3.2. an approach on how to deal with this problem at the industry and plant level is discussed.

Many kinds of practical problems such as engineering design, industrial m- agement and ?nancial investment have multiple objectives con?icting with eachother. Thoseproblemscanbeformulatedasmultiobjectiveoptimization. In multiobjective optimization, there does not necessarily a unique solution which minimizes (or maximizes) all objective functions. We usually face to the situation in which if we want to improve some of objectives, we have to give up other objectives. Finally, we pay much attention on how much to improve some of objectives and instead how much to give up others. This is called “trade-o?. ” Note that making trade-o? is a problem of value ju- ment of decision makers. One of main themes of multiobjective optimization is how to incorporate value judgment of decision makers into decision s- port systems. There are two major issues in value judgment (1) multiplicity of value judgment and (2) dynamics of value judgment. The multiplicity of value judgment is treated as trade-o? analysis in multiobjective optimi- tion. On the other hand, dynamics of value judgment is di?cult to treat. However, it is natural that decision makers change their value judgment even in decision making process, because they obtain new information during the process. Therefore, decision support systems are to be robust against the change of value judgment of decision makers. To this aim, interactive p- grammingmethodswhichsearchasolutionwhileelicitingpartialinformation on value judgment of decision makers have been developed. Those methods are required to perform ?exibly for decision makers’ attitude.